C# 8.0 Pocket Reference. Instant Help for C# 8.0 Programmers (ebook)(audiobook)(audiobook)

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Spis treści

• A First C# Program
  • Compilation
• Syntax
  • Identifiers and Keywords
    • Avoiding conflicts
    • Contextual keywords
  • Literals, Punctuators, and Operators
  • Comments
• Type Basics
  • Predefined Type Examples
  • Custom Type Examples
    • Members of a type
    • Symmetry of predefined types and custom types
    • Constructors and instantiation
    • Instance versus static members
    • The public keyword
  • Conversions
  • Value Types versus Reference Types
    • Value types
    • Reference types
    • Null
  • Predefined Type Taxonomy
• Numeric Types
  • Numeric Literals
    • Numeric literal type inference
    • Numeric suffixes
  • Numeric Conversions
    • Integral-to-integral conversions
    • Real-to-real conversions
    • Real-to-integral conversions
  • Arithmetic Operators
  • Increment and Decrement Operators
  • Specialized Integral Operations
    • Division
    • Overflow
    • The checked and unchecked operators
    • Bitwise operators
  • 8- and 16-Bit Integral Types
  • Special Float and Double Values
  • double versus decimal
  • Real Number Rounding Errors
• Boolean Type and Operators
  • Equality and Comparison Operators
  • Conditional Operators
• Strings and Characters
  • String Type
    • String concatenation
    • String interpolation
    • String comparisons
    • Searching within strings
    • Manipulating strings
• Arrays
  • Default Element Initialization
  • Indices and Ranges (C# 8)
    • Indices
    • Ranges
  • Multidimensional Arrays
    • Rectangular arrays
    • Jagged arrays
  • Simplified Array Initialization Expressions
• Variables and Parameters
  • The Stack and the Heap
    • Stack
    • Heap
  • Definite Assignment
  • Default Values
  • Parameters
    • Passing arguments by value
    • The ref modifier
    • The out modifier
    • Out variables and discards
    • The in modifier
    • The params modifier
    • Optional parameters
    • Named arguments
  • varImplicitly Typed Local Variables
• Expressions and Operators
  • Assignment Expressions
  • Operator Precedence and Associativity
    • Precedence
    • Left-associative operators
    • Right-associative operators
  • Operator Table
• Null Operators
  • Null-Coalescing Operator
  • Null-Conditional Operator
  • Null-Coalescing Assignment (C# 8)
• Statements
  • Declaration Statements
    • Local variable scope
  • Expression Statements
  • Selection Statements
    • The if statement
    • The else clause
    • Changing the flow of execution with braces
    • The switch statement
    • The switch statement with patterns
    • Switch expressions (C# 8)
  • Iteration Statements
    • while and do-while loops
    • for loops
    • foreach loops
  • Jump Statements
    • The break statement
    • The continue statement
    • The goto statement
    • The return statement
• Namespaces
  • The using Directive
  • using static
  • Rules Within a Namespace
    • Name scoping
    • Name hiding
    • Repeated namespaces
    • The global:: qualifier
  • Aliasing Types and Namespaces
• Classes
  • Fields
  • Constants
  • Methods
    • Expression-bodied methods
    • Overloading methods
    • Local methods
    • Static local methods (C# 8)
  • Instance Constructors
    • Implicit parameterless constructors
    • Nonpublic constructors
  • Deconstructors
  • Object Initializers
  • The this Reference
  • Properties
    • Expression-bodied properties
    • Automatic properties
    • Property initializers
    • get and set accessibility
  • Indexers
    • Implementing an indexer
    • Using indices and ranges with indexers (C# 8)
  • Static Constructors
  • Static Classes
  • Finalizers
  • Partial Types and Methods
    • Partial methods
  • The nameof Operator
• Inheritance
  • Polymorphism
  • Casting and Reference Conversions
    • Upcasting
    • Downcasting
    • The as operator
    • The is operator
  • Virtual Function Members
  • Abstract Classes and Abstract Members
  • Hiding Inherited Members
  • Sealing Functions and Classes
  • The base Keyword
  • Constructors and Inheritance
    • Constructor and field initialization order
  • Overloading and Resolution
• The object Type
  • Boxing and Unboxing
  • Static and Runtime Type Checking
  • The GetType Method and typeof Operator
  • Object Member Listing
  • Equals, ReferenceEquals, and GetHashCode
  • The ToString Method
• Structs
  • Struct Construction Semantics
  • readonly Structs and Functions
• Access Modifiers
  • Friend Assemblies
  • Accessibility Capping
• Interfaces
  • Extending an Interface
  • Explicit Interface Implementation
  • Implementing Interface Members Virtually
  • Reimplementing an Interface in a Subclass
  • Default Interface Members (C# 8)
• Enums
  • Enum Conversions
  • Flags Enums
  • Enum Operators
• Nested Types
• Generics
  • Generic Types
  • Generic Methods
  • Declaring Type Parameters
  • typeof and Unbound Generic Types
  • The default Generic Value
  • Generic Constraints
  • Subclassing Generic Types
  • Self-Referencing Generic Declarations
  • Static Data
  • Covariance
  • Contravariance
• Delegates
  • Writing Plug-In Methods with Delegates
  • Multicast Delegates
  • Instance versus Static Method Targets
  • Generic Delegate Types
  • The Func and Action Delegates
  • Delegate Compatibility
    • Return type variance
    • Parameter variance
    • Type parameter variance for generic delegates
• Events
  • Standard Event Pattern
  • Event Accessors
• Lambda Expressions
  • Capturing Outer Variables
    • Capturing iteration variables
  • Lambda Expressions versus Local Methods
• Anonymous Methods
• try Statements and Exceptions
  • The catch Clause
    • Exception filters
  • The finally Block
    • The using statement
    • using declarations (C# 8)
  • Throwing Exceptions
    • throw expressions
    • Rethrowing an exception
  • Key Properties of System.Exception
  • Common Exception Types
• Enumeration and Iterators
  • Enumeration
  • Collection Initializers
  • Iterators
  • Iterator Semantics
    • Multiple yield statements
    • yield break
  • Composing Sequences
• Nullable (Value) Types
  • Nullable<T> Struct
  • Nullable Conversions
  • Boxing/Unboxing Nullable Values
  • Operator Lifting
    • Equality operators (==, !=)
    • Relational operators (<, <=, >=, >)
    • All other operators (+, , *, /, %, &, |, ^, <<, >>, +, ++, --, !, ~)
    • Mixing nullable and non-nullable operators
  • bool? with & and | Operators
  • Nullable Types and Null Operators
• Nullable Reference Types (C# 8)
• Extension Methods
  • Extension Method Chaining
  • Ambiguity and Resolution
    • Namespaces
    • Extension methods versus instance methods
    • Extension methods versus extension methods
• Anonymous Types
• Tuples
  • Naming Tuple Elements
  • Deconstructing Tuples
• LINQ
  • LINQ Fundamentals
    • A simple query
    • Projecting
    • Take and Skip
    • Element operators
    • Aggregation operators
    • Quantifiers
    • Set operators
  • Deferred Execution
  • Standard Query Operators
  • Chaining Query Operators
  • Query Expressions
    • Query expressions versus fluent queries
  • The let Keyword
  • Query Continuations
  • Multiple Generators
  • Joining
    • GroupJoin
    • Zip
  • Ordering
  • Grouping
  • OfType and Cast
• Dynamic Binding
  • Static Binding versus Dynamic Binding
  • Custom Binding
  • Language Binding
  • RuntimeBinderException
  • Runtime Representation of dynamic
  • Dynamic Conversions
  • var versus dynamic
  • Dynamic Expressions
  • Dynamic Member Overload Resolution
  • Uncallable Functions
• Operator Overloading
  • Operator Functions
  • Overloading Equality and Comparison Operators
  • Custom Implicit and Explicit Conversions
• Attributes
  • Attribute Classes
  • Named and Positional Attribute Parameters
  • Attribute Targets
  • Specifying Multiple Attributes
  • Writing Custom Attributes
  • Retrieving Attributes at Runtime
• Caller Info Attributes
• Asynchronous Functions
  • The await and async Keywords
  • Capturing Local State
  • Writing Asynchronous Functions
    • Returning Task<TResult>
  • Parallelism
  • Asynchronous Lambda Expressions
  • Asynchronous Streams (C# 8)
• Unsafe Code and Pointers
  • Pointer Basics
  • Unsafe Code
  • The fixed Statement
  • The Pointer-to-Member Operator
  • The stackalloc Keyword
  • Fixed-size buffers
  • void*
• Preprocessor Directives
  • Pragma Warning
• XML Documentation
  • Standard XML Documentation Tags
• Index

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