Optimizing Java. Practical Techniques for Improving JVM Application Performance

Spis treści książki

• Foreword
• Preface
  • Conventions Used in This Book
  • Using Code Examples
  • OReilly Safari
  • How to Contact Us
  • Acknowledgments
• 1. Optimization and Performance Defined
  • Java PerformanceThe Wrong Way
  • Java Performance Overview
  • Performance as an Experimental Science
  • A Taxonomy for Performance
    • Throughput
    • Latency
    • Capacity
    • Utilization
    • Efficiency
    • Scalability
    • Degradation
    • Connections Between the Observables
  • Reading Performance Graphs
  • Summary
• 2. Overview of the JVM
  • Interpreting and Classloading
  • Executing Bytecode
  • Introducing HotSpot
    • Introducing Just-in-Time Compilation
  • JVM Memory Management
  • Threading and the Java Memory Model
  • Meet the JVMs
    • A Note on Licenses
  • Monitoring and Tooling for the JVM
    • VisualVM
  • Summary
• 3. Hardware and Operating Systems
  • Introduction to Modern Hardware
  • Memory
    • Memory Caches
  • Modern Processor Features
    • Translation Lookaside Buffer
    • Branch Prediction and Speculative Execution
    • Hardware Memory Models
  • Operating Systems
    • The Scheduler
    • A Question of Time
    • Context Switches
  • A Simple System Model
  • Basic Detection Strategies
    • Utilizing the CPU
    • Garbage Collection
    • I/O
      • Kernel bypass I/O
    • Mechanical Sympathy
  • Virtualization
  • The JVM and the Operating System
  • Summary
• 4. Performance Testing Patterns and Antipatterns
  • Types of Performance Test
    • Latency Test
    • Throughput Test
    • Load Test
    • Stress Test
    • Endurance Test
    • Capacity Planning Test
    • Degradation Test
  • Best Practices Primer
    • Top-Down Performance
    • Creating a Test Environment
    • Identifying Performance Requirements
    • Java-Specific Issues
    • Performance Testing as Part of the SDLC
  • Introducing Performance Antipatterns
    • Boredom
    • Résumé Padding
    • Peer Pressure
    • Lack of Understanding
    • Misunderstood/Nonexistent Problem
  • Performance Antipatterns Catalogue
    • Distracted by Shiny
      • Description
      • Example comment
      • Reality
      • Discussion
      • Resolutions
    • Distracted by Simple
      • Description
      • Example comments
      • Reality
      • Discussion
      • Resolutions
    • Performance Tuning Wizard
      • Description
      • Example comment
      • Reality
      • Discussion
      • Resolutions
    • Tuning by Folklore
      • Description
      • Example comment
      • Reality
      • Discussion
      • Resolutions
    • The Blame Donkey
      • Description
      • Example comment
      • Reality
      • Discussion
      • Resolutions
    • Missing the Bigger Picture
      • Description
      • Example comments
      • Reality
      • Discussion
      • Resolutions
    • UAT Is My Desktop
      • Description
      • Example Comment
      • Reality
      • Discussion
      • Resolutions
    • Production-Like Data Is Hard
      • Description
      • Example comments
      • Reality
      • Discussion
      • Resolutions
  • Cognitive Biases and Performance Testing
    • Reductionist Thinking
    • Confirmation Bias
    • Fog of War (Action Bias)
    • Risk Bias
    • Ellsbergs Paradox
  • Summary
• 5. Microbenchmarking and Statistics
  • Introduction to Measuring Java Performance
  • Introduction to JMH
    • Dont Microbenchmark If You Can Help It (A True Story)
    • Heuristics for When to Microbenchmark
    • The JMH Framework
    • Executing Benchmarks
  • Statistics for JVM Performance
    • Types of Error
      • Systematic error
      • Random error
      • Spurious correlation
    • Non-Normal Statistics
  • Interpretation of Statistics
  • Summary
• 6. Understanding Garbage Collection
  • Introducing Mark and Sweep
    • Garbage Collection Glossary
  • Introducing the HotSpot Runtime
    • Representing Objects at Runtime
    • GC Roots and Arenas
  • Allocation and Lifetime
    • Weak Generational Hypothesis
  • Garbage Collection in HotSpot
    • Thread-Local Allocation
    • Hemispheric Collection
  • The Parallel Collectors
    • Young Parallel Collections
    • Old Parallel Collections
    • Limitations of Parallel Collectors
  • The Role of Allocation
  • Summary
• 7. Advanced Garbage Collection
  • Tradeoffs and Pluggable Collectors
  • Concurrent GC Theory
    • JVM Safepoints
    • Tri-Color Marking
  • CMS
    • How CMS Works
    • Basic JVM Flags for CMS
  • G1
    • G1 Heap Layout and Regions
    • G1 Algorithm Design
    • G1 Phases
    • Basic JVM Flags for G1
  • Shenandoah
    • Concurrent Compaction
    • Obtaining Shenandoah
  • C4 (Azul Zing)
    • The Loaded Value Barrier
  • Balanced (IBM J9)
    • J9 Object Headers
    • Large Arrays in Balanced
    • NUMA and Balanced
  • Legacy HotSpot Collectors
    • Serial and SerialOld
    • Incremental CMS (iCMS)
    • Deprecated and Removed GC Combinations
    • Epsilon
  • Summary
• 8. GC Logging, Monitoring, Tuning, and Tools
  • Introduction to GC Logging
    • Switching On GC Logging
    • GC Logs Versus JMX
    • Drawbacks of JMX
    • Benefits of GC Log Data
  • Log Parsing Tools
    • Censum
    • GCViewer
    • Different Visualizations of the Same Data
  • Basic GC Tuning
    • Understanding Allocation
    • Understanding Pause Time
    • Collector Threads and GC Roots
  • Tuning Parallel GC
  • Tuning CMS
    • Concurrent Mode Failures Due to Fragmentation
  • Tuning G1
  • jHiccup
  • Summary
• 9. Code Execution on the JVM
  • Overview of Bytecode Interpretation
    • Introduction to JVM Bytecode
    • Simple Interpreters
    • HotSpot-Specific Details
  • AOT and JIT Compilation
    • AOT Compilation
    • JIT Compilation
    • Comparing AOT and JIT Compilation
  • HotSpot JIT Basics
    • Klass Words, Vtables, and Pointer Swizzling
    • Logging JIT Compilation
    • Compilers Within HotSpot
    • Tiered Compilation in HotSpot
  • The Code Cache
    • Fragmentation
  • Simple JIT Tuning
  • Summary
• 10. Understanding JIT Compilation
  • Introducing JITWatch
    • Basic JITWatch Views
    • Debug JVMs and hsdis
  • Introducing JIT Compilation
  • Inlining
    • Inlining Limits
    • Tuning the Inlining Subsystem
  • Loop Unrolling
    • Loop Unrolling Summary
  • Escape Analysis
    • Eliminating Heap Allocations
    • Locks and Escape Analysis
    • Limitations of Escape Analysis
  • Monomorphic Dispatch
  • Intrinsics
  • On-Stack Replacement
  • Safepoints Revisited
  • Core Library Methods
    • Upper Method Size Limit for Inlining
      • Improve performance with a domain-specific method
      • Benefits of small methods
    • Upper Method Size Limit for Compilation
  • Summary
• 11. Java Language Performance Techniques
  • Optimizing Collections
  • Optimization Considerations for Lists
    • ArrayList
    • LinkedList
    • ArrayList versus LinkedList
  • Optimization Considerations for Maps
    • HashMap
      • LinkedHashMap
    • TreeMap
    • Lack of MultiMap
  • Optimization Considerations for Sets
  • Domain Objects
  • Avoid Finalization
    • War Story: Forgetting to Clean Up
    • Why Not Use Finalization to Solve the Problem?
    • try-with-resources
  • Method Handles
  • Summary
• 12. Concurrent Performance Techniques
  • Introduction to Parallelism
    • Fundamental Java Concurrency
  • Understanding the JMM
  • Building Concurrency Libraries
    • Unsafe
    • Atomics and CAS
    • Locks and Spinlocks
  • Summary of Concurrent Libraries
    • Locks in java.util.concurrent
    • Read/Write Locks
    • Semaphores
    • Concurrent Collections
    • Latches and Barriers
  • Executors and Task Abstraction
    • Introducing Asynchronous Execution
    • Selecting an ExecutorService
    • Fork/Join
  • Modern Java Concurrency
    • Streams and Parallel Streams
    • Lock-Free Techniques
    • Actor-Based Techniques
  • Summary
• 13. Profiling
  • Introduction to Profiling
  • Sampling and Safepointing Bias
  • Execution Profiling Tools for Developers
    • VisualVM Profiler
    • JProfiler
    • YourKit
    • Flight Recorder and Mission Control
    • Operational Tools
      • Red Hat Thermostat
      • New Relic
      • jClarity Illuminate
  • Modern Profilers
  • Allocation Profiling
  • Heap Dump Analysis
    • hprof
  • Summary
• 14. High-Performance Logging and Messaging
  • Logging
    • Logging Microbenchmarks
      • No logging
      • Logback format
      • java.util.logging format
      • Log4j format
      • Measurements
      • Logger results
  • Designing a Lower-Impact Logger
  • Low Latency Using Real Logic Libraries
    • Agrona
      • Buffers
      • Lists, maps, and sets
      • Queues
      • Ring buffers
    • Simple Binary Encoding
      • Copy-free and native type mapping
      • Steady-state allocation
      • Streaming access and word-aligned access
      • Working with SBE
    • Aeron
      • Why build something new?
      • Publishers
      • Subscribers
    • The Design of Aeron
      • Transport requirements
      • Latency and application principles
      • How it works under the hood
  • Summary
• 15. Java 9 and the Future
  • Small Performance Enhancements in Java 9
    • Segmented Code Cache
    • Compact Strings
    • New String Concatenation
    • C2 Compiler Improvements
    • New Version of G1
  • Java 10 and Future Versions
    • New Release Process
    • Java 10
  • Unsafe in Java 9 and Beyond
    • VarHandles in Java 9
  • Project Valhalla and Value Types
  • Graal and Truffle
  • Future Directions in Bytecode
  • Future Directions in Concurrency
  • Conclusion
• Index

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