HTML & CSS: The Good Parts. Better Ways to Build Websites That Work

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• HTML & CSS: The Good Parts
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  • Preface
    • The Who and What of This Book
      • What Are the Good Parts?
      • What You Should Know Before You Read This Book
      • The Ideal Reader
      • A Warning About Familiarity (or Lack Thereof)
    • Objectives of This Book
      • What Is Not In This Book
      • About Web Standards
      • About Photoshop
      • What Youll Find on the Companion Website
      • Nomenclature
      • Read the Source, Luke!
    • Conventions Used in This Book
    • Using Code Examples
    • Safari Books Online
    • How to Contact OReilly
    • Acknowledgments
  • 1. Hypertext at the Core
    • The Web Without Links
    • URIs
      • Managing Links
      • Improving the User Experience with Linking
      • Hypertext Implementation Challenges
  • 2. Working with HTML Markup
    • HTML Syntax
      • Tags, Elements, and Attributes
      • Page Structure
    • Rendering Modes, Flavors of HTML, and Document Type Declarations
      • HTML or XHTML?
      • Strict, Transitional, or Frameset?
      • A Tale of Two Box Models
      • Choosing the Right Document Type for Your Project
    • Beautiful Parts: Universal Attributes
      • Providing Stylesheet Hooks with class and id
      • Describing Content with title and lang
      • The contenteditable Attribute in HTML5
    • Separating Content, Structure, Presentation, and Behavior
      • Making Your Sites Safe As Houses
      • Separation in Practice
      • Working with Document Trees
    • Browsers, Parsing, and Rendering
      • Dynamic HTML, Ajax, and Rendering
  • 3. CSS Overview
    • Connecting Stylesheets to HTML Documents
      • Referencing a Stylesheet with link
      • Targeting Internet Explorer Versions with Conditional Comments
      • Replacing link with style
      • Using @import
      • Beware of style Attributes!
      • Targeting Rules to Specific Media
    • Choosing the Elements You Want to Style: Writing Selectors
      • Parents, Children, and Siblings: Element/Node Relationships
      • Simple Selectors
      • Multiple and Descendant Selectors
      • Selecting Direct Child Elements
    • Rule Conflicts, Priority, and Precedence
      • Selector Priority
      • Avoiding Rule Conflicts
      • Value Inheritance
    • CSS Property and Value Survey
    • CSS Units
      • Cross-Media Length and Size Units
      • Pitch and the Value of a Pixel
      • Print-Friendly Length Units
      • font-size Keywords
      • Color Units
    • Key CSS Layout Properties
  • 4. Developing a Healthy Relationship with Standards
    • The Broad Landscape of Web-Related Standards
    • Why Web Standards?
      • Interoperability
      • Market Forces
      • Forward Compatibility
      • Accessibility
      • Vendor Priorities
      • Legacy Asset Inertia
      • Best Practices (and Lack Thereof)
      • Strict Constructionism
    • Taking the Middle Road: Standards-Friendliness
      • Benefits of Standards-Friendliness
      • Rules of Standards-Friendly Development
  • 5. Effective Style and Structure
    • The Four Habits of Effective Stylists
      • Habit #1: Keeping It Simple
        • Simplicity and huge sites
      • Habit #2: Keeping It Flexible
        • Flexibility, internal libraries, and code reuse
      • Habit #3: Keeping to Consistency
        • Managing templates to achieve consistency
      • Habit #4: Keeping Your Bearings
        • Product documentation as an effective compass
    • CSS Zen and the Stylists Experience
      • The Functional Principles of CSS Zen
    • Information Architecture and Web Usability
      • Multidimensionality
      • Navigation: Orientation and Wayfinding
      • Visit Strategies
      • Guideposts for Creating Usable Interfaces
        • Disabling links to the current document
      • Predicting Visitor Behavior with Scenarios and User Testing
      • Taxonomy and Nomenclature
      • Applying Taxonomy Through the Cascade
      • New Structural Elements (HTML5)
  • 6. Solving the Puzzle of CSS Layout
    • The CSS Box Model and Element Size Control
    • Quirks Mode and Strict Mode
    • auto Values
      • The overflow Property
      • Limiting But Not Fixing Element Dimensions
      • Handling the Unpredictable
    • Margins, Borders, and Padding
      • Negative Margins
      • Collapsed Margins
      • Borders
      • Padding
      • The Box Behavior of the Document Root Elements
      • Box Property Dimensions and the % Value
    • Element Flow
      • Inline Elements
      • Block Elements
      • Inline-Block Elements
    • Using the display Property to Change an Elements Flow
      • The display Property
    • The float and clear Properties
      • The Rules of the float Property
      • Canceling float Values with Corresponding clear Values
      • float Context
    • Implementing Multicolumn Layouts
      • Converting the Two-Column Layout from Markup Tables to CSS
      • How the Two-Column Styles Work
      • Benefits of Confining Layout Specifications to Stylesheets
      • Moving from Two Columns to Three
      • Dealing with More Than Three Columns
      • Semantically Empty Containers for Multicolumn Layouts
      • Advanced Layout in CSS3
    • CSS Positioning Properties
      • How Positioning Works
      • Bounding Positioned Elements
    • The visibility and z-index Properties
      • Altering Visibility Without Affecting Document Flow
      • Stacking
    • Obtaining Precise Navigation Source Order and Layout
      • Orienting the List
      • Forcing the Navigation List into the Desired Coordinates
    • Layout Types and Canvas Grids
      • Fixed, Proportional, and Flexible Layouts
      • Defining Grids
      • The Rule of Thirds, the Golden Ratio, and the Fibonacci Sequence
      • Implementing a Flexible Page Grid
  • 7. Working with Lists
    • Ordered and Unordered Lists
      • User Agent Default Styles for Ordered and Unordered Lists
      • Creating Valid Ordered and Unordered Lists
      • The list-style-type Property and the type Attribute
      • The nav Element (HTML5)
        • Accessibility and usability concerns
        • Enabling user agents to present navigation through alternate means
      • Changing the Range of an Ordered List
        • Greater Wavelengths
        • Shorter Wavelengths
    • Other Uses for Lists
      • Outlines
      • Inline Serial Lists
      • Altering the Layout of Footer Links
      • Bullets in Backgrounds?
    • Styling Navigation Elements
      • Placing the Primary Site Navigation Within the Source Order
      • The Primary Navigation Layout Recipe
      • The Footer Navigation Recipe
    • Definition Lists
      • Styling Definition Lists
      • Dictionary Example
      • Dialogue Example
  • 8. Headings, Hyperlinks, Inline Elements, and Quotations
    • Headings and Good Writing
      • Headings in Print
      • Optimal Heading Insertion
    • Styling Heading Elements
      • Heading Sizes and Type Treatments
      • Normalizing Heading Dimensions
      • Heading Accents
    • Link Markup
      • Link Attributes
      • Virtuous Use of the href Attribute
      • Linking to Specific Passages Within Documents
      • Creating Effective Link Content and title Values
    • Styling Links
      • Link Pseudoclasses
      • Using display: block to Increase the Footprint of a Link
      • The text-decoration Property
      • The cursor Property
    • Adding Semantic Value with Inline Elements
    • Quotations
  • 9. Colors and Backgrounds
    • Color Theory and Web Color Practice
      • Usability, Accessibility, and Color
      • The Additive Color Model
      • The HSB Color Model
      • The Subtractive Color Model
      • Design, Contrast, and Complements
      • Identifying Colors, in Brief
      • Display Environments and the Web-Safe Palette
      • Creating Your Own Palettes
    • CSS Backgrounds
      • Setting background-position Values
      • The CSS background Shorthand Property
    • Composing Background Images
      • Faux Columns
      • Tiled Background Textures and Patterns
      • Large Background Textures and Nonrepeating Devices
      • Drop Shadows, Gel Effects, and Rounded Corners
    • Bitmapped Copy and Fahrner Image Replacement
      • The FIR Stylesheet Rules
      • Drawbacks of FIR
    • Reducing Server Load with Sprites
  • 10. (Data) Tables
    • The Disadvantages of Layout Tables
      • Source Order: Square Peg, Round Hole
      • CSS Zen Becomes a Myth
      • Template Slavery Is Unavoidable
      • Positioning Is Rendered Useless
    • The Parts of a Data Table
      • Example: The Full Smash of Table Markup
    • Composing Cells
      • Table and Data Composition
    • Table Headers, Footers, and Heading Cells
      • Attribute and Child Selectors
      • Reducing Header and Footer Contrast
      • Adding Rollover Accents to a Table
  • 11. Images and Multimedia
    • Replaced Elements
    • Preparing Images for Production
      • The alt Attribute Explained
      • Image Dimensions and Borders
    • Image Production
      • Cropping
      • Matting: Creating a Virtual Frame
      • Resampling: Altering the Absolute Size of an Image
      • Level Changes: Optimizing the Contrast of Photographs
      • Applying Multiple Adjustments
    • Working with Color Profiles
    • Image Optimization
      • Choosing the Right Image Format
      • Finding the Happy Medium Between Size and Quality
    • Publishing Images
      • Keeping Images Organized
      • Image Publishing and Management in a CMS
      • Image Publication Etiquette
    • Styling Images and Plug-in Content
      • Composing Image Layout Within a Column
      • Captioning Images
      • Working with Previews (Thumbnail Images) in a Gallery or Slideshow Setting
      • Lightbox: Previews, Galleries, and Slideshows
      • SlideShowPro
    • Adding Motion and Sound: Using SWFObject to Insert Flash Videos and Presentations
    • Inserting Unwrapped Multimedia
      • A Tale of Three Companies
      • Enter Flash
      • Using Bare Markup to Publish Multimedia Content
      • A Caveat of Plug-in Content Styling
      • Sidestepping Plug-ins with the HTTP Content-Disposition Header Field
      • Keeping an Open Mind
      • The video and audio Elements (HTML5)
        • Embedding a video
        • Supporting alternative video formats
        • Providing video content for browsers that dont support the video element
      • The canvas Element (HTML5)
        • The CanvasRenderingContext2D API
        • SVG as an alternative to canvas
  • 12. Web Typography
    • A Brief History of Letterforms
      • Origins of Modern Western Letterforms
      • Gutenbergs Press and the Art of Typography
      • The Emergence of Digital Typesetting
      • Different Limitations Without Changed Expectations
    • A Visual Glossary of Typography
    • Aliasing and Anti-Aliasing
    • Type Styles, Readability, and Legibility
      • Styling for Readability
      • Styling for Legibility
      • The Fold and Tiny Type
    • Sizing Type
      • Choosing the Right Units for Sizing Type
      • Em/Percentage Size Telescoping
      • Size Keywords
    • Working with Typefaces and Fonts
      • The Challenge of Limited Choices
      • Applying Type Choices: the font-family Property
      • Finding Canonical Typeface Names
      • Accessing System Default Type with the font Property
    • Character Encoding in Brief
      • What Is Character Encoding?
      • ASCII, ISO 8859-1, Unicode, and UTF-8
      • Choosing an Encoding Scheme
      • Inserting Entities to Provide Non-ASCII Characters
    • Creating Balanced Type Treatments
      • Predictability, Preference, and Panic
      • Assessing Content Scope
      • Distinguishing Type: Face, Size, Weight, Style, Color
      • Setting Type Around Blowouts
      • Styling Passages of Similar Priority
      • Enter Type Treatments
    • Typographical Miscellany in CSS
      • The line-height Property
      • The font-variant and text-transform Properties
      • The letter-spacing and word-spacing Properties
      • The white-space Property
    • The Practice of Good Web Typography
  • 13. Clean and Accessible Forms
    • Building Effective Forms
      • Web Applications, User Perspective, and Design Choices
      • Organizing User Interfaces by Function
      • Ten Rules for Effective Web Forms and Applications
    • Assessment and Structure
      • Establishing Requirements
      • Markup and Structure
    • Basic Form Structure, Presentation, and Behavior
      • Form-Originated get Requests
      • The post Method and File Uploads
      • Manipulating the Size and Appearance of Individual Controls
    • Prototyping and Layout
      • Prototyping 101
      • Design Patterns, Style Resets, and Form Layout
      • Grouping Controls by Appearance
    • Required Fields and Other Submission Constraints
      • Identifying Required Fields
      • Discovering and Identifying User Input Errors
      • The disabled and readonly Attributes
    • Creating Accessible Forms
      • Implementing Forms for Accessibility
      • Supporting Keyboard Navigation of Forms
    • Form Features in HTML5
      • New Input Types
      • The required Attribute
  • 14. The Bad Parts
    • The Numbing Nature of Internet Explorer (Especially IE 6)
      • Browser Wars 2.0
      • Absent or Poor Selector Support
      • hasLayout
      • Margin Doubling
      • expression() Values
      • ActiveX Filters and Transitions
      • PNG Support (or Lack Thereof)
      • Poor Property Support
      • Issues with XHTML and XML
    • Systemic Ugliness
      • Template Fragility and Third-Party Content
      • Markup Validation As a Prerequisite to Proper Style Implementation
      • Best Viewed with
      • Graded Support
      • embed Versus object
      • Form Controls, Plug-in Instances, and Element Stacking
      • Invalid Markup for Stupid Reasons
    • HTMLs Bad Neighborhoods and Cul-de-Sacs
      • Frames
      • The strike Element
      • The name Attribute
      • The noscript and noframes Elements
      • Semantic Contortions and the Limited Vocabulary of HTML
      • Inline Presentation Elements
      • Manipulating Vertical Space: hr and br
      • The pre Element Versus the white-space Property
    • CSS Travesties
      • @-Rules
      • Computed Values and Rounding Differences
      • Vendor-Specific -moz and -webkit Property Prefixes
      • The inherit Value
      • Hiding Stuff: z-index and clip
      • Counters
      • Element Flow Rules
      • Unicode Code Position Values and the content Property
    • The Awful Parts
      • The marquee and blink Elements
      • MSIE User Interface Properties
      • The align Attribute
      • The style Attribute
      • div-itis
      • Event Handler Attributes
      • Gratuitous Underlining
      • The http-equiv Attribute
    • Picking Up the Pieces
  • A. URIs, Client-Server Architecture, and HTTP
    • The Underlying Client-Server Architecture
    • What Every Web Developer Should Know About HTTP
    • MIME Types, in Brief
    • Controlling Request Volume
  • Glossary
  • Index
  • About the Author
  • Colophon
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