Blockchain with Hyperledger Fabric - Second Edition

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• Preface
  • Who this book is for
  • What this book covers
  • Downloading the example code
    • Conventions used
  • Get in touch
    • Reviews
• Blockchain An Enterprise and Industry Perspective
  • Our focus for the new edition
  • Defining the terms what is blockchain?
  • Design considerations for blockchain solutions
    • Four core building blocks
    • Additional capabilities to consider
  • Fundamentals of the secure transaction processing protocol
  • Where blockchain technology has been and where its going
    • The great divide
    • An economic model for blockchain delivery
    • Learning as we go
    • The promise of trust and accountability
  • Blockchain in the enterprise
    • What applications are a good fit?
    • Enterprise blockchain business evaluation considerations
      • A few thoughts on blockchain business models
      • Business growth and innovation
      • How do growth and innovation relate to a blockchain-powered network?
      • Considerations for evaluating the economic value of blockchain entities
      • Blockchain investment rubric
    • How does the enterprise view blockchain?
    • Integrating a blockchain infrastructure for the whole enterprise
  • Enterprise design principles
    • Business drivers and evolution
    • Ensuring the sustainability of blockchain-based business networks
    • Design principles that drive blockchain adoption
  • Business considerations for choosing a blockchain framework
  • Technology considerations for choosing a blockchain framework
    • Identity management
    • Scalability
    • Enterprise security
    • Development tooling
    • Crypto-economic models
    • Decentralization with systemic governance
    • Enterprise support
    • Use case-driven pluggability choices
      • Shared ledger technology
      • Consensus
      • Crypto algorithms and encryption technology
  • Enterprise integration and designing for extensibility
  • Other considerations
    • Consensus, ACID properties, and CAP
    • Attestation SSCs are signed and encrypted
    • Use of HSMs
  • Summary
  • References
• Exploring Hyperledger Fabric
  • Building on the foundations of open computing
  • Fundamentals of the Hyperledger project
    • The Linux Foundation
    • Hyperledger
    • Open source and open standards
  • Hyperledger frameworks, tools, and building blocks
    • Hyperledger distributed ledger frameworks
    • Hyperledger libraries
    • Hyperledger tools
    • The building blocks of blockchain solutions
  • Hyperledger Fabric component design
    • Principles of Hyperledger design
    • Hyperledger Fabric reference architecture
    • Hyperledger Fabric runtime architecture
    • Strengths and advantages of a componentized design
  • Hyperledger Fabric the journey of a sample transaction
  • Actors and components in a Hyperledger Fabric network
    • Actors in a blockchain network
    • Components in a blockchain network
    • Developer interaction
  • CAP theorem
  • New features covered in this book
  • Summary
• Business Networks
  • A busy world of purposeful activity
  • Why a language for business networks?
  • Defining a business network
  • Introducing participants
    • Types of participant
      • Individual participants
      • Organizational participants
      • System or device participants
    • A participant is an agent
    • Participant identity
  • Introducing assets
    • Assets flow between participants
    • Tangible and intangible assets
    • The structure of assets
    • Ownership
      • A special kind of relationship
      • Ownership and asset tokenization
    • Asset life cycles
    • Describing a life cycle with transactions
  • Introducing transactions
    • Change and transactions
    • Transaction definition and instance
    • Implicit and explicit transactions
    • The importance of contracts
    • Signatures
    • Smart contract multi-party transactions
    • Digital transaction processing
    • Initiating transactions
    • Transaction history
    • Transaction streams
    • A network of networks
    • Current value and transaction history
    • A business network as a history of transactions
    • Regulators
  • Introducing events
    • A universal concept
    • Event notifications
    • An event example
    • Events and transactions
    • External and explicit events
    • Loosely coupled design
    • Events are useful!
  • Business network technology
    • More dematerialization
    • The blockchain benefit
    • Interacting with a blockchain
      • Organizational structure
      • Technical componentry
      • Participants
      • APIs
      • Application tier
      • Smart contract
      • Ledger
      • Peer
      • Ordering service
      • Network channel
      • Identity
  • Summary
• Setting the Stage with a Business Scenario
  • Trading and letters of credit
    • The importance of trust in facilitating trade
    • The letter of credit process today
  • Business scenario and use case
    • Overview
    • Real-world processes
    • Simplified and modified processes
    • Terms used in trade finance and logistics
    • Shared process workflow
    • Shared assets and data
    • Participants' roles and capabilities
    • Advantages of blockchain applications over current real-world processes
  • Designing and configuring a Hyperledger Fabric trade network
    • Designing a network
    • Installing prerequisites
    • Setting up the development/test environment
      • Testing the IBP extension
    • Forking and cloning the trade-network repository
    • Creating and running a network configuration
      • Preparing the network
      • Generating network cryptographic material
      • Generating channel artifacts
      • Composing a sample trade network
      • Network components' configuration files
      • Configuring peer databases
  • Launching a sample trade network
  • Configuring our development environment for network operations
    • Creating Fabric identity wallets
    • Creating a Fabric environment
      • Creating a node file
      • Creating and connecting to a Fabric environment in VS Code
  • Summary
• Designing Smart Contract Transactions and Ledger Data Structures
  • Architecture of the trade solution
  • Starting the contract development
    • Opening and packaging a contract
    • Deploying a contract in the testing environment
      • Invoking and debugging a contract
  • Creating a contract
    • The contract interface
    • Implementing the contract
  • Access control
    • ABAC
      • Registering a user
      • Enrolling a user
      • Access control in the contract
  • Implementing contract functions
    • Scenario contracts' functions
    • Defining contract assets
    • Coding contract functions
      • Creating an asset
      • Reading and modifying an asset
  • Testing a contract
    • Creating a test suite file
    • Defining a test suite
    • Unit tests
    • Running tests in the terminal
    • Running tests in VS Code
  • Advanced contract design topics
    • Cross-contract and cross-ledger invocation
    • Composite keys
    • Range and composite key queries
    • State queries and CouchDB
    • Indexes
    • History queries
  • Transaction mechanisms
    • The ReadSet and WriteSet
    • Multiversion concurrency control
  • Logging output
    • Configuration
    • Logging API
    • Standard output and error
    • Additional API functions
  • Summary
• Developing Smart Contracts
  • Business networks
  • Solution application components
    • The transaction ledger and multi-party transactions
    • Smart contracts
    • Applications
    • Network channels
  • The multi-party transaction
    • Transaction type
    • Transaction identifier
    • Proposal
    • Response
      • Valid and invalid transactions
  • The ledger
    • State database
      • State
      • State collections
    • Blockchain
      • Immutable blocks and transactions
      • Immutability
    • Primacy of the blockchain
  • Smart contracts
    • A central role in the network
    • Smart contracts and consensus
    • Writing a smart contract
      • Smart contract structure
      • Contract class and transaction methods
      • Elaborating a smart contract
      • Writing smart contract transaction methods
      • Marshalling the transaction proposal input
      • Accessing the ledger to generate a transaction response
      • Accessing the state database
      • Returning a signed transaction response
      • Checking that business objects exist
      • Transaction handlers
      • Other functionality available in fabric-contract-api
      • Annotations
    • Packaging smart contracts
      • A word on terminology
      • Smart contract package definition agreement
  • Programming language
    • Choice of programming language
      • Using a type system
      • Modularity a big idea in Hyperledger Fabric
  • Endorsement policy
    • The structure of an endorsement policy
      • Network agreement
      • Why endorsement?
      • Endorsement policy a separate concern
      • State-based endorsement
      • Collection endorsement policy
  • Summary
• Developing Applications
  • Applications
    • The three basic application operations
    • The application SDK
      • Declarative APIs and the fabric-network package
      • Separating the physical from the logical
    • Querying the ledger
    • Submitting a new transaction
      • The process
      • How the SDK makes consensus easy
    • Requesting ledger notification
  • Wallets and identity
    • Using an identity
    • Using a wallet
  • Gateways
    • Why gateways are useful
    • Discovery
    • A network view for an application
  • Accessing networks and smart contracts
    • Single network gateway
    • Multi-network gateway
  • Querying the ledger
    • Smart contract packaging and namespaces
    • Using EvaluateTransaction to query the ledger
    • Separating the logical from the physical
    • Synchronous and asynchronous queries
    • Query in a more complex topology
  • Submitting a new transaction
    • The other organizations in the network
    • What it means to evaluate and submit a transaction
    • The network topology doesn't matter!
    • Atomic transactions within and across networks
    • Combining transactions in a single unit of work
  • Events and notifications
    • Transactions, events, and smart contracts
      • Transactions and events
      • Smart contracts and events
    • Event listening and notification
      • Listening how it works
      • Asynchronous responses
  • Summary
• Advanced Topics for Developing Smart Contracts and Applications
  • Customizing SDK behavior
    • Connection options to the rescue
    • Event handler functions
      • Checkpoint handler
  • Transient data
    • Explicitly recording transaction input
    • Hiding the transaction input
  • Private data
    • Using private data collections
      • Smart contract exploitation
      • Private data with transient data
    • Understanding private data collections
    • Private data consensus and off-chain data
    • Private data collections and verifiability
    • Recapping on styles
      • The verify-style transaction
      • Applications, organizations, and private data
    • Private data consensus
    • The insert-style transaction
      • The most important trade
      • Insert-style smart contract
      • Insert-style application transaction submission
    • Read your own writes
  • Collection and state endorsements policy
    • Levels of endorsement policy
    • A note on collection policies
    • The transfer-style transaction
    • The createInfo transaction
      • The transferInfo transaction
      • The updateInfo transaction
    • The transfer-style application transaction submission
    • Summarizing smart contracts, transactions, and applications
  • Advanced smart contract packaging
    • Multi-definition packages
    • Functional packaging
  • Summary
• Network Operation and Distributed Application Building
  • Stages in a Fabric network's life cycle
  • Fabric application model and architecture
    • Fabric application development overview
    • Architecture of a Fabric application for trade
  • Operations network setup and bootstrap
    • Operations overview channel and contract setup
    • Prerequisites creating all channel artifacts
      • Creating all channel artifacts
      • Launching the network
    • Overview of Fabric tools and commands
    • Creating channels
      • Using the trade.sh script as a shortcut
      • Verifying block creation
    • Joining organization peers to channels
    • Setting organization anchor peers on channels
    • Running all channel operations in one go
    • Installing and initializing contracts
      • Using CLI tools to install and initialize contracts
      • Installing contracts using the VS Code IBP extension
  • Developing service-layer applications
    • Application runtime life cycle
    • An application for the importer's organization
      • Importer application structure
      • Project dependencies
      • Setting application properties and generating a connection profile
      • Designing a service API for the importer application
      • User registration, login, and session management
      • User roles and access control
      • Fabric registration, enrolment, and identity wallets
      • Contract invocations through gateways
      • Launching and testing the application
      • Event management
  • Exercising the application through a presentation layer
    • Launching applications
    • An end-to-end scenario trade request to final payment
      • Users and their credentials
      • Registering users
      • Logging in users
      • Requesting a trade as an importer
      • Accepting a trade as an exporter
      • Requesting a letter of credit as an importer
      • Issuing a letter of credit as an importer's bank
      • Accepting a letter of credit as an exporter's bank
      • Requesting an export license as an exporter
      • Issuing an export license as a regulator
      • Preparing a shipment as an exporter
      • Accepting a shipment and issuing a bill of lading as a carrier
      • Requesting a partial payment as an exporter's bank
      • Making a partial payment as an importer's bank
      • Delivering a shipment as a carrier
      • Requesting the balance payment as an exporter's bank
      • Making the balance payment as an importer's bank
      • Viewing the list of active or processed trades as an importer
  • Using a production-grade ordering service
  • Summary of key steps
  • Summary
• Enterprise Design Patterns and Considerations
  • Design considerations
    • Managing heterogeneity
    • Process alignment
    • Message affinity
    • Service discovery
    • Identity mapping
  • Integration design patterns
    • Integrating with an existing system of record
    • Integrating with an operational data store for blockchain analytics
    • Microservice and event-driven architecture
  • Resiliency and fault tolerance
    • Reliability and availability
    • Serviceability
  • Summary
• Agility in a Blockchain Network
  • Defining the promotion process
    • Aligning the promotion process to components
    • Smart contract considerations
    • Integration layer considerations
  • Continuous integration
    • Promotion process overview
    • Configuring a CI pipeline
      • Customizing the pipeline process
      • Publishing our smart contract package
    • Configuring your GitHub repository
      • Setting the code owners of our smart contract
      • Protecting the master branch
      • Configuring Git for commit signing and validation
      • Configuring GPG on your local workstation
  • Testing considerations for the trade network
    • Unit testing
      • Defining our user story and business scenarios
      • Test fixture
      • Mapping scenarios to Mocha
      • Implementing unit tests
    • Integration testing
      • Setting up the integration tests
      • Testing the trade business process
      • Running the integration tests
    • Exercising the end-to-end process
      • Creating a new transaction
      • Adding the mergeTrade unit test
      • Submitting a pull request with a signed commit
      • Releasing the new version
  • Continuous delivery
    • Kubernetes as a platform for Hyperledger Fabric
    • Infrastructure as Code and Ansible
    • Deployment process overview
      • Centralization versus decentralization
      • Notifying the consortium
    • Applying these concepts to our network
      • Setting up Ansible
      • Starting the network using Ansible
      • Pulling a new chaincode release
      • Upgrading the network
  • Summary
• Governance A Necessary Evil of Regulated Industries
  • Decentralization and governance
  • Exploring business models
    • Blockchain benefits
      • Supply chain management
      • Healthcare
      • Letters of credit
    • From benefits to profits
    • B2B and B2C considerations
    • Network business models
      • Founder-led networks
      • Consortium-based networks
      • Community-based networks
      • Hybrid models
  • Funding models
    • Token-based models
    • Traditional models
    • Membership considerations
  • Governance of a business network
  • Mapping business roles to blockchain roles
  • Governance structure
    • Centralized governance
      • Exploring the levels of governance
      • Mapping governance to organizational structure
    • Decentralized governance
  • Business domains and processes
    • Membership life cycle
    • Funding and fees
    • Regulation
    • Education
    • Service life cycle
    • Disputes
  • Blockchain as a governance tool
    • Managing network policies
    • Types of policies
      • Organization level versus network level
      • Consortiums
      • Channels
      • Endorsements
  • Summary
• Life in a Blockchain Network
  • Modifying or upgrading a Hyperledger Fabric application
    • Changing requirements and update modes
    • Fabric blockchain and application life cycle
    • Network organization resource updates
      • Adding a peer to an organization
      • Installing a smart contract on a new peer
      • Removing a peer from an organization
    • Channel configuration updates
      • Adding a new organization to a live network
      • Prerequisites for adding a new organization to the network
      • Generating cryptographic material for the new organization
      • Generating channel artifacts for the new organization
      • Generating the cryptographic and channel artifacts in one operation
      • Docker containers for the new organization
      • Launching network components for the new organization
      • Updating the channel configuration
      • Joining the new organization's peer to the channels
      • Setting the anchor peer for the new organization's peer on the channels
      • Installing contracts on peers in the new organization
    • Smart contract and policy updates
      • Overview of contract update procedures
      • Modification in contract business logic
      • Endorsement policy updates
      • Upgrading contract code and endorsement policies on the channels
      • Augmenting the distributed application
    • Platform upgrades
      • Upgrading a live four-organization trade network
  • System monitoring and performance
    • Measurement and analytics
    • Fabric system measurement considerations
    • Metrics for performance analysis
    • Fabric application performance measurement and data collection
      • Measuring system health indicators
      • Fabric support for component monitoring
      • Profiling containers and applications
      • Measuring application performance
    • Fabric engineering guidelines for performance
      • Platform performance characteristics
      • System bottlenecks
      • Configuration and tuning
      • Ledger data availability and caching
      • Fabric performance measurement and benchmarking
  • Summary
• Hyperledger Fabric Security
  • Hyperledger Fabric design goals impacting security
  • Hyperledger Fabric architecture
    • Fabric CA or membership service provider
    • Peer
    • Smart contracts
    • Ledger
    • Private data
    • Ordering node
      • History of the ordering service in Hyperledger Fabric
  • Network bootstrap and data governance: the first step toward security
    • Bootstrapping the network with known members
    • Defining the process for sharing data
    • Defining the data model of the shared data
    • Mapping data sharing needs Hyperledger-based mechanisms for operational agility
    • Adding new members to the network (or channel)
    • Deploying, instantiating, and upgrading smart contracts on peers in the network
  • Strong identities: the key to the security of the Hyperledger Fabric network
    • Bootstrapping Fabric CA
      • Register
      • Enroll
    • Revoking identities
    • Practical considerations in managing users in Fabric CA
  • Smart contract security
    • How is a smart contract shared with other endorsing peers?
    • Who can install smart contracts?
    • Smart contract encryption
    • Attribute-based access control
  • Common threats and how Hyperledger Fabric mitigates them
  • Hyperledger Fabric and quantum computing
  • GDPR considerations
  • Summary
• Blockchain's Future, Protocol Commercialization, and Challenges Ahead
  • Summary of key Hyperledger projects
    • Hyperledger frameworks: business blockchain technology
    • Distributed ledger frameworks
    • Hyperledger libraries
    • Hyperledger tools
  • Blockchain's future and the challenges ahead
    • Addressing the divide: the enterprise blockchain and cryptoasset-driven ecosystem
    • Interoperability: understanding business service integration
    • Blockchain protocol commercialization: a "BizTech" agenda
      • Layer 1 Foundational trust and transaction layer
      • Layer 2 Protocol optimization layer
      • Layer 3 Blockchain business service layer
      • Layer 4 Industry/business application layer
      • Adjunct business layer
      • Devising modularity to avoid lock-in linkages
    • Scalability and economic viability of blockchain solutions
  • How can you help and stay engaged?
  • Summary
• Another Book You May Enjoy
• Index

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