sed & awk. 2nd Edition

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• sed & awk, 2nd Edition
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  • A Note Regarding Supplemental Files
  • Dedication
  • Preface
    • Scope of This Handbook
    • Availability of sed and awk
      • DOS Versions
      • Other Sources of Information About sed and awk
      • Sample Programs
    • Obtaining Example Source Code
      • FTP
      • Ftpmail
      • BITFTP
      • UUCP
    • Conventions Used in This Handbook
    • About the Second Edition
    • Acknowledgments from the First Edition
    • Comments and Questions
  • 1. Power Tools for Editing
    • 1.1. May You Solve Interesting Problems
    • 1.2. A Stream Editor
    • 1.3. A Pattern-Matching Programming Language
    • 1.4. Four Hurdles to Mastering sed and awk
  • 2. Understanding Basic Operations
    • 2.1. Awk, by Sed and Grep, out of Ed
    • 2.2. Command-Line Syntax
      • 2.2.1. Scripting
      • 2.2.2. Sample Mailing List
    • 2.3. Using sed
      • 2.3.1. Specifying Simple Instructions
        • 2.3.1.1. Command garbled
      • 2.3.2. Script Files
        • 2.3.2.1. Saving output
        • 2.3.2.2. Suppressing automatic display of input lines
        • 2.3.2.3. Mixing options (POSIX)
        • 2.3.2.4. Summary of options
    • 2.4. Using awk
      • 2.4.1. Running awk
      • 2.4.2. Error Messages
      • 2.4.3. Summary of Options
    • 2.5. Using sed and awk Together
  • 3. Understanding Regular Expression Syntax
    • 3.1. Thats an Expression
    • 3.2. A Line-Up of Characters
      • 3.2.1. The Ubiquitous Backslash
      • 3.2.2. A Wildcard
      • 3.2.3. Writing Regular Expressions
      • 3.2.4. Character Classes
        • 3.2.4.1. A range of characters
        • 3.2.4.2. Excluding a class of characters
        • 3.2.4.3. POSIX character class additions
      • 3.2.5. Repeated Occurrences of a Character
      • 3.2.6. What's the Word? Part I
      • 3.2.7. Positional Metacharacters
        • 3.2.7.1. Phrases
      • 3.2.8. A Span of Characters
      • 3.2.9. Alternative Operations
      • 3.2.10. Grouping Operations
      • 3.2.11. What's the Word? Part II
      • 3.2.12. Your Replacement Is Here
        • 3.2.12.1. The extent of the match
      • 3.2.13. Limiting the Extent
    • 3.3. I Never Metacharacter I Didn't Like
  • 4. Writing sed Scripts
    • 4.1. Applying Commands in a Script
      • 4.1.1. The Pattern Space
    • 4.2. A Global Perspective on Addressing
      • 4.2.1. Grouping Commands
    • 4.3. Testing and Saving Output
      • 4.3.1. testsed
      • 4.3.2. runsed
    • 4.4. Four Types of sed Scripts
      • 4.4.1. Multiple Edits to the Same File
      • 4.4.2. Making Changes Across a Set of Files
      • 4.4.3. Extracting Contents of a File
        • 4.4.3.1. Extracting a macro definition
        • 4.4.3.2. Generating an outline
      • 4.4.4. Edits To Go
    • 4.5. Getting to the PromiSed Land
  • 5. Basic sed Commands
    • 5.1. About the Syntax of sed Commands
    • 5.2. Comment
    • 5.3. Substitution
      • 5.3.1. Replacement Metacharacters
        • 5.3.1.1. Correcting index entries
    • 5.4. Delete
    • 5.5. Append, Insert, and Change
    • 5.6. List
      • 5.6.1. Stripping Out Non-Printable Characters from nroff Files
    • 5.7. Transform
    • 5.8. Print
    • 5.9. Print Line Number
    • 5.10. Next
    • 5.11. Reading and Writing Files
      • 5.11.1. Checking Out Reference Pages
    • 5.12. Quit
  • 6. Advanced sed Commands
    • 6.1. Multiline Pattern Space
      • 6.1.1. Append Next Line
        • 6.1.1.1. Converting an Interleaf file
      • 6.1.2. Multiline Delete
      • 6.1.3. Multiline Print
    • 6.2. A Case for Study
    • 6.3. Hold That Line
      • 6.3.1. A Capital Transformation
      • 6.3.2. Correcting Index Entries (Part II)
      • 6.3.3. Building Blocks of Text
    • 6.4. Advanced Flow Control Commands
      • 6.4.1. Branching
      • 6.4.2. The Test Command
      • 6.4.3. One More Case
    • 6.5. To Join a Phrase
  • 7. Writing Scripts for awk
    • 7.1. Playing the Game
    • 7.2. Hello, World
    • 7.3. Awk's Programming Model
    • 7.4. Pattern Matching
      • 7.4.1. Describing Your Script
    • 7.5. Records and Fields
      • 7.5.1. Referencing and Separating Fields
      • 7.5.2. Field Splitting: The Full Story
    • 7.6. Expressions
      • 7.6.1. Averaging Student Grades
    • 7.7. System Variables
      • 7.7.1. Working with Multiline Records
      • 7.7.2. Balance the Checkbook
    • 7.8. Relational and Boolean Operators
      • 7.8.1. Getting Information About Files
    • 7.9. Formatted Printing
    • 7.10. Passing Parameters Into a Script
    • 7.11. Information Retrieval
      • 7.11.1. Finding a Glitch
  • 8. Conditionals, Loops, and Arrays
    • 8.1. Conditional Statements
      • 8.1.1. Conditional Operator
    • 8.2. Looping
      • 8.2.1. While Loop
      • 8.2.2. Do Loop
      • 8.2.3. For Loop
      • 8.2.4. Deriving Factorials
    • 8.3. Other Statements That Affect Flow Control
    • 8.4. Arrays
      • 8.4.1. Associative Arrays
      • 8.4.2. Testing for Membership in an Array
      • 8.4.3. A Glossary Lookup Script
      • 8.4.4. Using split( ) to Create Arrays
      • 8.4.5. Making Conversions
      • 8.4.6. Deleting Elements of an Array
    • 8.5. An Acronym Processor
      • 8.5.1. Multidimensional Arrays
    • 8.6. System Variables That Are Arrays
      • 8.6.1. An Array of Command-Line Parameters
      • 8.6.2. An Array of Environment Variables
  • 9. Functions
    • 9.1. Arithmetic Functions
      • 9.1.1. Trigonometric Functions
      • 9.1.2. Integer Function
      • 9.1.3. Random Number Generation
      • 9.1.4. Pick 'em
    • 9.2. String Functions
      • 9.2.1. Substrings
      • 9.2.2. String Length
      • 9.2.3. Substitution Functions
      • 9.2.4. Converting Case
      • 9.2.5. The match( ) Function
    • 9.3. Writing Your Own Functions
      • 9.3.1. Writing a Sort Function
      • 9.3.2. Maintaining a Function Library
      • 9.3.3. Another Sorted Example
  • 10. The Bottom Drawer
    • 10.1. The getline Function
      • 10.1.1. Reading Input from Files
      • 10.1.2. Assigning the Input to a Variable
      • 10.1.3. Reading Input from a Pipe
    • 10.2. The close( ) Function
    • 10.3. The system( ) Function
    • 10.4. A Menu-Based Command Generator
    • 10.5. Directing Output to Files and Pipes
      • 10.5.1. Directing Output to a Pipe
      • 10.5.2. Working with Multiple Files
    • 10.6. Generating Columnar Reports
    • 10.7. Debugging
      • 10.7.1. Make a Copy
      • 10.7.2. Before and After Photos
      • 10.7.3. Finding Out Where the Problem Is
      • 10.7.4. Commenting Out Loud
      • 10.7.5. Slash and Burn
      • 10.7.6. Getting Defensive About Your Script
    • 10.8. Limitations
    • 10.9. Invoking awk Using the #! Syntax
  • 11. A Flock of awks
    • 11.1. Original awk
      • 11.1.1. Escape Sequences
      • 11.1.2. Exponentiation
      • 11.1.3. The C Conditional Expression
      • 11.1.4. Variables as Boolean Patterns
      • 11.1.5. Faking Dynamic Regular Expressions
      • 11.1.6. Control Flow
      • 11.1.7. Field Separating
      • 11.1.8. Arrays
      • 11.1.9. The getline Function
      • 11.1.10. Functions
      • 11.1.11. Built-In Variables
    • 11.2. Freely Available awks
      • 11.2.1. Common Extensions
        • 11.2.1.1. Deleting all elements of an array
        • 11.2.1.2. Obtaining individual characters
        • 11.2.1.3. Flushing buffered output
        • 11.2.1.4. Special filenames
        • 11.2.1.5. The nextfile statement
        • 11.2.1.6. Regular expression record separators (gawk and mawk)
      • 11.2.2. Bell Labs awk
      • 11.2.3. GNU awk (gawk)
        • 11.2.3.1. Command line options
        • 11.2.3.2. An awk program search path
        • 11.2.3.3. Line continuation
        • 11.2.3.4. Extended regular expressions
        • 11.2.3.5. Regular expression record terminators
        • 11.2.3.6. Separating fields
        • 11.2.3.7. Additional special files
        • 11.2.3.8. Additional variables
        • 11.2.3.9. Additional functions
        • 11.2.3.10. A general substitution function
        • 11.2.3.11. Time management for programmers
      • 11.2.4. Michael's awk (mawk)
    • 11.3. Commercial awks
      • 11.3.1. MKS awk
      • 11.3.2. Thompson Automation awk (tawk)
        • 11.3.2.1. Tawk language extensions
        • 11.3.2.2. Additional built-in tawk functions
      • 11.3.3. Videosoft VSAwk
    • 11.4. Epilogue
  • 12. Full-Featured Applications
    • 12.1. An Interactive Spelling Checker
      • 12.1.1. BEGIN Procedure
      • 12.1.2. Main Procedure
      • 12.1.3. END Procedure
      • 12.1.4. Supporting Functions
      • 12.1.5. The spellcheck Shell Script
    • 12.2. Generating a Formatted Index
      • 12.2.1. The masterindex Program
      • 12.2.2. Standardizing Input
      • 12.2.3. Sorting the Entries
      • 12.2.4. Handling Page Numbers
      • 12.2.5. Merging Entries with the Same Keys
      • 12.2.6. Formatting the Index
        • 12.2.6.1. The masterindex shell script
    • 12.3. Spare Details of the masterindex Program
      • 12.3.1. How to Hide a Special Character
      • 12.3.2. Rotating Two Parts
      • 12.3.3. Finding a Replacement
      • 12.3.4. A Function for Reporting Errors
      • 12.3.5. Handling See Also Entries
      • 12.3.6. Alternative Ways to Sort
  • 13. A Miscellany of Scripts
    • 13.1. uutot.awkReport UUCP Statistics
      • 13.1.1. Program Notes for uutot.awk
    • 13.2. phonebillTrack Phone Usage
      • 13.2.1. Program Notes for phonebill
    • 13.3. combineExtract Multipart uuencoded Binaries
      • 13.3.1. Program Notes for combine
    • 13.4. mailavgCheck Size of Mailboxes
      • 13.4.1. Program Notes for mailavg
    • 13.5. adjAdjust Lines for Text Files
      • 13.5.1. Program Notes for adj
    • 13.6. readsourceFormat Program Source Files for troff
      • 13.6.1. Program Notes for readsource
    • 13.7. gentGet a termcap Entry
      • 13.7.1. Program Notes for gent
    • 13.8. plprlpr Preprocessor
      • 13.8.1. Program Notes for plpr
    • 13.9. transposePerform a Matrix Transposition
      • 13.9.1. Program Notes for transpose
    • 13.10. m1Simple Macro Processor
      • 13.10.1. Program Notes for m1
  • A. Quick Reference for sed
    • A.1. Command-Line Syntax
    • A.2. Syntax of sed Commands
      • A.2.1. Pattern Addressing
      • A.2.2. Regular Expression Metacharacters for sed
    • A.3. Command Summary for sed
  • B. Quick Reference for awk
    • B.1. Command-Line Syntax
      • B.1.1. Shell Wrapper for Invoking awk
    • B.2. Language Summary for awk
      • B.2.1. Records and Fields
      • B.2.2. Format of a Script
        • B.2.2.1. Line termination
        • B.2.2.2. Comments
      • B.2.3. Patterns
      • B.2.4. Regular Expressions
      • B.2.5. Expressions
        • B.2.5.1. Constants
        • B.2.5.2. Escape sequences
        • B.2.5.3. Variables
        • B.2.5.4. Arrays
        • B.2.5.5. System variables
        • B.2.5.6. Operators
      • B.2.6. Statements and Functions
    • B.3. Command Summary for awk
      • B.3.1. Format Expressions Used in printf and sprintf
  • C. Supplement for Chapter 12
    • C.1. Full Listing of spellcheck.awk
    • C.2. Listing of masterindex Shell Script
    • C.3. Documentation for masterindex
      • masterindex
    • C.3.1. Background Details
    • C.3.2. Coding Index Entries
    • C.3.3. Output Format
    • C.3.4. Compiling a Master Index
  • Index
  • About the Authors
  • Colophon
  • SPECIAL OFFER: Upgrade this ebook with OReilly

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