lex & yacc. 2nd Edition Doug Brown, John Levine, Tony Mason

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• lex & yacc, 2nd Edition
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• A Note Regarding Supplemental Files
• Preface
  • Whats New in the Second Edition
  • Scope of This Book
  • Availability of Lex and Yacc
  • Sample Programs
  • Conventions Used in This Handbook
  • Acknowledgments
• 1. Lex and Yacc
  • The Simplest Lex Program
  • Recognizing Words with Lex
    • Symbol Tables
  • Grammars
    • Parser-Lexer Communication
  • The Parts of Speech Lexer
    • A Yacc Parser
    • The Rules Section
  • Running Lex and Yacc
  • Lex vs. Hand-written Lexers
  • Exercises
• 2. Using Lex
  • Regular Expressions
    • Examples of Regular Expressions
  • A Word Counting Program
  • Parsing a Command Line
    • Start States
  • A C Source Code Analyzer
  • Summary
  • Exercises
• 3. Using Yacc
  • Grammars
    • Recursive Rules
  • Shift/Reduce Parsing
    • What Yacc Cannot Parse
  • A Yacc Parser
    • The Definition Section
    • The Rules Section
    • Symbol Values and Actions
  • The Lexer
    • Compiling and Running a Simple Parser
  • Arithmetic Expressions and Ambiguity
    • When Not to Use Precedence Rules
  • Variables and Typed Tokens
    • Symbol Values and %union
  • Symbol Tables
  • Functions and Reserved Words
    • Reserved Words in the Symbol Table
    • Interchangeable Function and Variable Names
  • Building Parsers with Make
  • Summary
  • Exercises
• 4. A Menu Generation Language
  • Overview of the MGL
  • Developing the MGL
  • Building the MGL
    • Initialization
  • Screen Processing
  • Termination
  • Sample MGL Code
  • Exercises
• 5. Parsing SQL
  • A Quick Overview of SQL
    • Relational Data Bases
    • Manipulating Relations
  • Three Ways to Use SQL
  • The Syntax Checker
    • The Lexer
    • Error and Main Routines
  • The Parser
    • Definitions
    • Top Level Rules
    • The Schema Sublanguage
      • Base Tables
      • View Definition
      • Privilege Definitions
    • The Module Sublanguage
      • Cursor Definitions
    • The Manipulation Sublanguage
      • Simple Statements
      • FETCH Statements
      • INSERT Statements
      • DELETE Statements
      • UPDATE Statements
      • Scalar Expressions
      • SELECT Statements
      • Table Expressions
      • Search Conditions
    • Odds and Ends
    • Using the Syntax Checker
    • Embedded SQL
      • Changes to the Lexer
      • Changes to the Parser
      • Auxiliary Routines
      • Using the Preprocessor
    • Exercises
• 6. A Reference for Lex Specifications
  • Structure of a Lex Specification
    • Definition Section
    • Rules Section
    • User Subroutines
  • BEGIN
    • Bugs
      • Ambiguous Lookahead
    • AT&T Lex
      • Flex
    • Character Translations
    • Context Sensitivity
      • Left Context
      • Right Context
    • Definitions (Substitutions)
  • ECHO
    • Include Operations (Logical Nesting of Files)
      • File Chaining with yywrap()
      • File Nesting
      • AT&T Lex
      • Flex
      • MKS Lex
      • Abraxas Pclex
      • POSIX Lex
  • Input from Strings
    • AT&T Lex
    • Flex
    • Abraxas Pclex
    • MKS Lex
    • POSIX Lex
    • input()
  • Internal Tables (%N Declarations)
    • lex Library
      • main()
      • Other Library Routines
  • Line Numbers and yylineno
    • Literal Block
  • Multiple Lexers in One Program
    • Combined Lexers
    • Multiple Lexers
      • Using the p Flag
      • Faking It
  • output()
  • Portability of Lex Lexers
    • Porting Lex Specifications
    • Porting Generated C Lexers
      • Libraries
      • Buffer Sizes
      • Character Sets
  • Regular Expression Syntax
    • Metacharacters
    • POSIX Extensions
  • REJECT
  • Returning Values from yylex()
    • Start States
  • unput()
  • yyinput(), yyoutput(), yyunput()
  • yyleng
  • yyless()
  • yylex()
    • User Code in yylex()
  • yymore()
  • yytext
    • Enlarging yytext
    • AT&T and MKS Lex
      • Flex
      • Pclex
  • yywrap()
• 7. A Reference for Yacc Grammars
  • Structure of a Yacc Grammar
    • Symbols
    • Definition Section
    • Rules Section
    • User Subroutines Section
  • Actions
    • Embedded Actions
    • Symbol Types for Embedded Actions
    • Obsolescent Feature
  • Ambiguity and Conflicts
    • Types of Conflicts
      • Shift/Reduce Conflicts
      • Reduce/Reduce Conflicts
  • Bugs in Yacc
    • Real Bugs
      • Error Handling
      • Declaring Literal Tokens
    • Infinite Recursion
    • Unreal Bugs
      • Interchanging Precedences
      • Embedded Actions
  • End Marker
  • Error Token and Error Recovery
  • %ident Declaration
  • Inherited Attributes ($0)
    • Symbol Types for Inherited Attributes
  • Lexical Feedback
  • Literal Block
  • Literal Tokens
  • Portability of Yacc Parsers
    • Porting Yacc Grammars
    • Porting Generated C Parsers
      • Libraries
      • Character Codes
  • Precedence, Associativity, and Operator Declarations
    • Precedence and Associativity
      • Precedence
      • Associativity
    • Operator Declarations
    • Using Precedence and Associativity to Resolve Conflicts
    • Typical Uses of Precedence
  • Recursive Rules
    • Left and Right Recursion
  • Rules
  • Special Characters
  • Start Declaration
  • Symbol Values
    • Declaring Symbol Types
    • Calculator Example
    • Explicit Symbol Types
  • Tokens
    • Token Numbers
    • Token Values
  • %type Declaration
  • %union Declaration
  • Variant and Multiple Grammars
    • Combined Parsers
    • Multiple Parsers
      • Using the -p Flag
      • Faking It
    • Recursive Parsing
    • Lexers for Multiple Parsers
  • y.output Files
  • Yacc Library
    • main()
    • yyerror()
  • YYABORT
  • YYACCEPT
  • YYBACKUP
  • yyclearin
  • yydebug and YYDEBUG
  • YYDEBUG
    • yydebug
  • yyerrok
  • YYERROR
  • yyerror()
  • yyparse()
  • YYRECOVERING()
• 8. Yacc Ambiguities and Conflicts
  • The Pointer Model and Conflicts
    • Types of Conflicts
    • Parser States
    • Contents of y.output
      • Reduce/Reduce Conflicts
      • Shift/Reduce Conflicts
    • Review of Conflicts in y.output
  • Common Examples of Conflicts
    • Expression Grammars
  • IFTHENELSE
    • Nested List Grammer
  • How Do I Fix the Conflict?
  • IFTHENELSE (Shift/Reduce)
    • Loop Within a Loop (Shift/Reduce)
    • Expression Precedence (Shift/Reduce)
    • Limited Lookahead (Shift/Reduce or Reduce/Reduce)
    • Overlap of Alternatives (Reduce/Reduce)
  • Summary
  • Exercises
• 9. Error Reporting and Recovery
  • Error Reporting
    • Better Lex Error Reports
  • Error Recovery
    • Yacc Error Recovery
    • Where to Put Error Tokens
  • Compiler Error Recovery
  • Exercises
• A. AT&T Lex
  • Error Messages
• B. AT&T Yacc
  • Options
  • Error Messages
• C. Berkeley Yacc
  • Options
  • Error Messages
    • Fatal Errors
    • Regular Errors
    • Warnings
    • Informative Messages
• D. GNU Bison
  • Differences
• E. Flex
  • Flex Differences
  • Options
  • Error Messages
  • Flex Versions of Lexer Examples
• F. MKS lex and yacc
  • Differences
  • New Features
• G. Abraxas lex and yacc
  • Differences
  • New Features
• H. POSIX lex and yacc
  • Options
  • Differences
• I. MGL Compiler Code
  • MGL Yacc Source
  • MGL Lex Source
  • Supporting C Code
• J. SQL Parser Code
  • Yacc Parser
  • Cross-reference
• K. SQL Parser Code
  • Lex Scanner
  • Supporting Code
• Glossary
• Bibliography
• Index
• About the Authors
• SPECIAL OFFER: Upgrade this ebook with OReilly
• Copyright

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