Learning Go

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• Preface
  • Who Should Read This Book
  • Conventions Used in This Book
  • Using Code Examples
  • OReilly Online Learning
  • How to Contact Us
  • Acknowledgments
• 1. Setting Up Your Go Environment
  • Installing the Go Tools
  • The Go Workspace
  • The go Command
    • go run and go build
      • go run
      • go build
    • Getting Third-Party Go Tools
    • Formatting Your Code
  • Linting and Vetting
  • Choose Your Tools
    • Visual Studio Code
    • GoLand
    • The Go Playground
  • Makefiles
  • Staying Up to Date
  • Wrapping Up
• 2. Primitive Types and Declarations
  • Built-in Types
    • The Zero Value
    • Literals
    • Booleans
    • Numeric Types
      • Integer types
      • The special integer types
      • Choosing which integer to use
      • Integer operators
      • Floating point types
      • Complex types (youre probably not going to use these)
    • A Taste of Strings and Runes
    • Explicit Type Conversion
  • var Versus :=
  • Using const
  • Typed and Untyped Constants
  • Unused Variables
  • Naming Variables and Constants
  • Wrapping Up
• 3. Composite Types
  • ArraysToo Rigid to Use Directly
  • Slices
    • len
    • append
    • Capacity
    • make
    • Declaring Your Slice
    • Slicing Slices
      • Slices share storage sometimes
    • Converting Arrays to Slices
    • copy
  • Strings and Runes and Bytes
  • Maps
    • Reading and Writing a Map
    • The comma ok Idiom
    • Deleting from Maps
    • Using Maps as Sets
  • Structs
    • Anonymous Structs
    • Comparing and Converting Structs
  • Wrapping Up
• 4. Blocks, Shadows, and Control Structures
  • Blocks
    • Shadowing Variables
    • Detecting Shadowed Variables
  • if   
  • for, Four Ways
    • The Complete for Statement
    • The Condition-Only for Statement
    • The Infinite for Statement
    • break and continue
    • The for-range Statement
      • Iterating over maps
      • Iterating over strings
      • The for-range value is a copy
    • Labeling Your for Statements
    • Choosing the Right for Statement
  • switch
  • Blank Switches
  • Choosing Between if and switch
  • gotoYes, goto
  • Wrapping Up
• 5. Functions
  • Declaring and Calling Functions
    • Simulating Named and Optional Parameters
    • Variadic Input Parameters and Slices
    • Multiple Return Values
    • Multiple Return Values Are Multiple Values
    • Ignoring Returned Values
    • Named Return Values
    • Blank ReturnsNever Use These!
  • Functions Are Values
    • Function Type Declarations
    • Anonymous Functions
  • Closures
    • Passing Functions as Parameters
    • Returning Functions from Functions
  • defer
  • Go Is Call By Value
  • Wrapping Up
• 6. Pointers
  • A Quick Pointer Primer
  • Dont Fear the Pointers
  • Pointers Indicate Mutable Parameters
  • Pointers Are a Last Resort
  • Pointer Passing Performance
  • The Zero Value Versus No Value
  • The Difference Between Maps and Slices
  • Slices as Buffers
  • Reducing the Garbage Collectors Workload
  • Wrapping Up
• 7. Types, Methods, and Interfaces
  • Types in Go
  • Methods
    • Pointer Receivers and Value Receivers
    • Code Your Methods for nil Instances
    • Methods Are Functions Too
    • Functions Versus Methods
    • Type Declarations Arent Inheritance
    • Types Are Executable Documentation
    • iota Is for EnumerationsSometimes
  • Use Embedding for Composition
  • Embedding Is Not Inheritance
  • A Quick Lesson on Interfaces
  • Interfaces Are Type-Safe Duck Typing
  • Embedding and Interfaces
  • Accept Interfaces, Return Structs
  • Interfaces and nil
  • The Empty Interface Says Nothing
  • Type Assertions and Type Switches
  • Use Type Assertions and Type Switches Sparingly
  • Function Types Are a Bridge to Interfaces
  • Implicit Interfaces Make Dependency Injection Easier
  • Wire
  • Go Isnt Particularly Object-Oriented (and Thats Great)
  • Wrapping Up
• 8. Errors
  • How to Handle Errors: The Basics
  • Use Strings for Simple Errors
  • Sentinel Errors
  • Errors Are Values
  • Wrapping Errors
  • Is and As
  • Wrapping Errors with defer
  • panic and recover
  • Getting a Stack Trace from an Error
  • Wrapping Up
• 9. Modules, Packages, and Imports
  • Repositories, Modules, and Packages
  • go.mod
  • Building Packages
    • Imports and Exports
    • Creating and Accessing a Package
    • Naming Packages
    • How to Organize Your Module
    • Overriding a Packages Name
    • Package Comments and godoc
    • The internal Package
    • The init Function: Avoid if Possible
    • Circular Dependencies
    • Gracefully Renaming and Reorganizing Your API
  • Working with Modules
    • Importing Third-Party Code
    • Working with Versions
    • Minimum Version Selection
    • Updating to Compatible Versions
    • Updating to Incompatible Versions
    • Vendoring
    • pkg.go.dev
    • Additional Information
  • Publishing Your Module
  • Versioning Your Module
  • Module Proxy Servers
    • Specifying a Proxy Server
    • Private Repositories
  • Wrapping Up
• 10. Concurrency in Go
  • When to Use Concurrency
  • Goroutines
  • Channels
    • Reading, Writing, and Buffering
    • for-range and Channels
    • Closing a Channel
    • How Channels Behave
  • select
  • Concurrency Practices and Patterns
    • Keep Your APIs Concurrency-Free
    • Goroutines, for Loops, and Varying Variables
    • Always Clean Up Your Goroutines
    • The Done Channel Pattern
    • Using a Cancel Function to Terminate a Goroutine
    • When to Use Buffered and Unbuffered Channels
    • Backpressure
    • Turning Off a case in a select
    • How to Time Out Code
    • Using WaitGroups
    • Running Code Exactly Once
    • Putting Our Concurrent Tools Together
  • When to Use Mutexes Instead of Channels
  • AtomicsYou Probably Dont Need These
  • Where to Learn More About Concurrency
  • Wrapping Up
• 11. The Standard Library
  • io and Friends
  • time
    • Monotonic Time
    • Timers and Timeouts
  • encoding/json
    • Use Struct Tags to Add Metadata
    • Unmarshaling and Marshaling
    • JSON, Readers, and Writers
    • Encoding and Decoding JSON Streams
    • Custom JSON Parsing
  • net/http
    • The Client
    • The Server
      • Middleware
      • Use idiomatic third-party modules to enhance the server
  • Wrapping Up
• 12. The Context
  • What Is the Context?
  • Cancellation
  • Timers
  • Handling Context Cancellation in Your Own Code
  • Values
  • Wrapping Up
• 13. Writing Tests
  • The Basics of Testing
    • Reporting Test Failures
    • Setting Up and Tearing Down
    • Storing Sample Test Data
    • Caching Test Results
    • Testing Your Public API
    • Use go-cmp to Compare Test Results
  • Table Tests
  • Checking Your Code Coverage
  • Benchmarks
  • Stubs in Go
  • httptest
  • Integration Tests and Build Tags
  • Finding Concurrency Problems with the Race Checker
  • Wrapping Up
• 14. Here There Be Dragons: Reflect, Unsafe, and Cgo
  • Reflection Lets Us Work with Types at Runtime
    • Types, Kinds, and Values
      • Types and kinds
      • Values
    • Making New Values
    • Use Reflection to Check If an Interfaces Value Is nil
    • Use Reflection to Write a Data Marshaler
    • Build Functions with Reflection to Automate Repetitive Tasks
    • You Can Build Structs with Reflection, but Dont
    • Reflection Cant Make Methods
    • Only Use Reflection If Its Worthwhile
  • unsafe Is Unsafe
    • Use unsafe to Convert External Binary Data
    • unsafe Strings and Slices
    • unsafe Tools
  • Cgo Is for Integration, Not Performance
  • Wrapping Up
• 15. A Look at the Future: Generics in Go
  • Generics Reduce Repetitive Code and Increase Type Safety
  • Introducing Generics in Go
  • Use Type Lists to Specify Operators
  • Generic Functions Abstract Algorithms
  • Type Lists Limit Constants and Implementations
  • Things That Are Left Out
  • Idiomatic Go and Generics
  • Further Futures Unlocked
  • Wrapping Up
• Index

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