Introducing Python. 3rd Edition Bill Lubanovic

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Spis treści książki

• Preface
  • Audience
  • Changes in the Third Edition
  • Outline
  • Python Versions
  • About the Author
  • Conventions Used in This Book
  • Using Code Examples
  • OReilly Online Learning
  • How to Contact Us
  • Acknowledgments
• I. Stronghold
• 1. Introduction
  • Mysteries
  • Little Python Programs
  • Setup
  • Install Python
  • Upgrade Python
  • Run Python Programs
    • The Python Interactive Interpreter
    • Python Files
  • Built-In Python Features
  • The Python Standard Library
  • Third-Party Python Packages
  • A Bigger Example
  • Review/Preview
• 2. Types and Variables
  • A Computer
  • Bits and Bytes
  • Multibyte Types
  • Variables
    • Assign a Value to a Variable
    • Change the Value of a Variable
    • Delete a Variable
    • Name Variables
    • Follow Naming Conventions
  • Python Types
  • Specify Values
  • Objects as Plastic Boxes in Memory
  • Review/Preview
  • Practice
• 3. Numbers
  • Booleans
  • Integers
    • Literal Integers
    • Integer Operations
    • Integers and Variables
    • Precedence
    • Bases
    • Type Conversions
    • How Big Is an int?
  • Floats
  • Floats Are Not Exact
  • Fractions
  • Decimals
  • Math Functions
  • Review/Preview
  • Practice
• 4. Strings
  • Create with Quotes
  • Create with str()
  • Escape with \
  • Combine with +
  • Duplicate with *
  • Get a Character by [ offset ]
  • Get a Substring with a Slice
  • Get Length with len()
  • Split with split()
  • Combine with join()
  • Substitute with replace()
  • Work with Prefixes and Suffixes
  • Strip with strip()
  • Search and Select
  • Change Case
  • Set Alignment
  • Apply Formatting
    • Old style: %
    • New style: {} and format()
    • Newest Style: f-strings
  • Review/Preview
  • Practice
• 5. Bytes and Bytearray
  • Bytes
    • Create with Quotes
    • Create with bytes()
    • Create from a Hex String
    • Decode and Encode Bytes and Strings
    • Convert to a Hex String
    • Get One Byte by [ offset ]
    • Get a Slice
    • Combine with +
    • Repeat with *
  • Bytearray
    • Create with bytearray()
    • Get One Byte by [ offset ]
    • Get Multiple Bytes with a Slice
    • Modify One Byte by [ offset ]
    • Modify Multiple Bytes with replace()
    • Modify Multiple Bytes with a Slice
    • Insert a Byte with insert()
    • Append One Byte with append()
    • Append Multiple Bytes with extend()
    • Combine with +
    • Repeat with *
  • Review/Preview
  • Practice
• 6. If and Match
  • Comment with #
  • Continue Lines with \
  • Compare with if, elif, and else
  • What Is True?
  • Do Multiple Comparisons with in
  • New: I Am the Walrus
  • Match
    • Simple Matches
    • Structural Matches
  • Review/Preview
  • Practice
• 7. For and While
  • Repeat with while
    • Cancel with break
    • Skip Ahead with continue
    • Check break Use with else
  • Iterate with for and in
    • Cancel with break
    • Skip with continue
    • Check break Use with else
    • Generate Number Sequences with range()
  • Review/Preview
  • Practice
• 8. Tuples and Lists
  • Tuples
    • Create with Commas and ()
    • Create with tuple()
    • Get an Item by [ offset ]
    • Combine with +
    • Duplicate with *
    • Compare
    • Iterate with for and in
    • Modify?
  • Lists
    • Create with []
    • Create or Convert with list()
    • Create from a String with split()
    • Get an Item by [ offset ]
    • Get Items with a Slice
    • Add an Item to the End with append()
    • Add an Item by Offset with insert()
    • Duplicate with *
    • Combine with extend() or +
    • Change an Item with [ offset ]
    • Change Items with a Slice
    • Delete an Item by Offset with del
    • Delete an Item by Value with remove()
    • Get an Item by Offset and Delete It with pop()
    • Delete All Items with clear()
    • Find an Items Offset by Value with index()
    • Test for a Value with in
    • Count Occurrences of a Value with count()
    • Convert a List to a String with join()
    • Reorder Items with sort() or sorted()
    • Get Length with len()
    • Assign with =
    • Copy with copy(), list(), or a Slice
    • Copy Everything with deepcopy()
    • Compare Lists
    • Iterate with for and in
    • Iterate Multiple Sequences with zip()
    • Iterate Multiple Sequences with zip_longest()
    • Create a List with a Comprehension
    • Create Lists of Lists
  • Tuples Versus Lists
  • There Are No Tuple Comprehensions
  • Review/Preview
  • Practice
• 9. Dictionaries and Sets
  • Dictionaries
    • Create with {}
    • Create with dict()
    • Convert with dict()
    • Add or Change an Item by [ key ]
    • Get an Item by [ key ] or with get()
    • Iterate with for and in
    • Get Length with len()
    • Combine/update dicts
      • Use update()
      • Use {**a, **b}
      • Use |
    • Delete an Item by Key with del
    • Get an Item by Key and Delete It with pop( key )
    • Delete All Items with clear()
    • Test for a Key with in
    • Assign with =
    • Copy with copy()
    • Copy Everything with deepcopy()
    • Compare Dictionaries
    • Use Dictionary Comprehensions
  • Sets
    • Create with set() or {}
    • Get Length with len()
    • Add an Item with add()
    • Delete an Item with remove()
    • Combine with |
    • Iterate with for and in
    • Test for a Value with in
    • Use Combinations and Operators
    • Create Set Comprehensions
    • Create an Immutable Set with frozenset()
  • Review/Preview
  • Practice
• 10. Functions
  • Define a Function with def
  • Call a Function with Parentheses
  • Arguments and Parameters
    • None, Truthiness, and Falsiness
    • Positional Arguments
    • Keyword Arguments
    • Default Parameter Values
    • Pack/Unpack Positional Arguments with *
    • Pack/Unpack Keyword Arguments with **
    • Keyword-Only (*) and Position-Only (/) Arguments
    • Mutable and Immutable Arguments
  • Docstrings
  • Functions Are First-Class Citizens
  • Function Arguments Are Not a Tuple
  • Inner Functions
    • Closures
  • Anonymous Functions: Lambda
  • Generators
    • Generator Functions
    • Generator Comprehensions
  • Decorators
  • Namespaces and Scope
  • Dunder Names
  • Recursion
  • Async Functions, Briefly
  • Exceptions
    • Handle Errors with try and except
    • Use Finally
    • Make Your Own Exceptions
  • Review/Preview
  • Practice
• 11. Objects
  • What Are Objects?
  • Simple Objects
    • Define a Class with class
    • Assign Attributes
    • Methods
    • Initialization
  • Inheritance
    • Inherit from a Parent Class
    • Override a Method
    • Add a Method
    • Get Help from Your Parent with super()
    • Use Multiple Inheritance
    • Include Mixins
  • In self Defense
  • Attribute Access
    • Direct Access
    • Getters and Setters
    • Properties for Attribute Access
    • Properties for Computed Values
    • Name Mangling for Privacy
    • Class and Object Attributes
  • Method Types
    • Instance Methods
    • Class Methods
    • Static Methods
  • Duck Typing
  • Magic Methods
  • Aggregation and Composition
  • When to Use Objects or Something Else
  • Named Tuples
  • Dataclasses
  • Attrs
  • Review/Preview
  • Practice
• 12. Modules and Packages
  • Modules and the import Statement
    • Import a Module
    • Import a Module with Another Name
    • Import Only What You Want from a Module
  • Packages
    • The Module Search Path
    • Relative and Absolute Imports
    • Namespace Packages
    • Modules Versus Objects
  • Goodies in the Python Standard Library
    • Handle Missing Keys with setdefault() and defaultdict()
    • Count Items with Counter()
    • Order by Key with OrderedDict()
    • Stack + Queue == deque
    • Iterate over Code Structures with itertools
    • Get Random
  • More Batteries: Get Other Python Code
  • Review/Preview
  • Practice
• II. Tools
• 13. Development Environment
  • Find Python Code
  • Install Packages
    • Use Pip
    • Install with a Native Package Manager
    • Install from Source
  • Virtual Environments
    • Virtualenv and Venv
    • Pipenv
    • Poetry
    • Conda
    • uv
  • Integrated Development Environments
    • IPython
    • Jupyter Notebook
    • JupyterLab
  • Source Control
    • Mercurial
    • Git
  • Review/Preview
  • Practice
• 14. Type Hints and Documentation
  • Type Hints
    • Variable Hints
    • Function Hints
  • Mypy
  • Documentation
    • Comments
    • Docstrings
    • Markup Text Files
  • Review/Preview
  • Practice
• 15. Testing
  • Pylint
  • Ruff
  • Unittest
  • Doctest
  • Pytest
    • Examples
    • Fixtures
    • Parametrization
  • Hypothesis
  • Nox
  • Continuous Integration
  • Review/Preview
  • Practice
• 16. Debugging
  • Assert
  • Print
  • F-strings
  • Pprint()
  • IceCream
  • Decorators
  • Logging
  • Pdb
  • Breakpoint()
  • Review/Preview
  • Practice
• III. Quests
• 17. Text Data
  • Text Strings: Unicode
    • Python Unicode Strings
    • UTF-8
    • Encode
    • Decode
    • HTML Entities
    • Normalization
  • Text Strings: Regular Expressions
    • Find Exact Beginning Match with match()
    • Find First Match with search()
    • Find All Matches with findall()
    • Split at Matches with split()
    • Replace at Matches with sub()
  • Patterns
    • Using Special Characters
    • Using Specifiers
    • Specifying match() Output
  • Review/Preview
  • Practice
• 18. Binary Data
  • Convert Binary Data with struct
  • Extraction with Binary Data Tools
  • Convert Bytes/Strings with binascii()
  • Use Bit Operators
  • Review/Preview
  • Practice
• 19. Dates and Times
  • Leap Year
  • The datetime Module
  • The time Module
  • Read and Write Dates and Times
  • All the Conversions
  • Alternative Modules
  • Review/Preview
  • Practice
• 20. Files
  • File Input and Output
    • Create or Open with open()
    • Write a Text File with print()
    • Write a Text File with write()
    • Read a Text File with read(), readline(), or readlines()
    • Write a Binary File with write()
    • Read a Binary File with read()
    • Close Files Automatically by Using with
    • Change Position with seek()
  • Memory Mapping
  • File Operations
    • Check Existence with exists()
    • Check Type with isfile()
    • Copy with copy()
    • Change Name with rename()
    • Link with link() or symlink()
    • Change Permissions with chmod()
    • Change Ownership with chown()
    • Delete a File with remove()
  • Directory Operations
    • Create with mkdir()
    • Delete with rmdir()
    • List Contents with listdir()
    • Change Current Directory with chdir()
    • List Matching Files with glob()
  • Pathnames
    • Get a Pathname with abspath()
    • Get a symlink Pathname with realpath()
    • Build a Pathname with os.path.join()
    • Use pathlib
  • BytesIO and StringIO
    • File Formats: Determination
  • Review/Preview
  • Practice
• 21. Data in Time: Concurrency
  • Programs and Processes
    • Create a Process with subprocess
    • Create a Process with multiprocessing
    • Kill a Process with terminate()
    • Get System Info with os
    • Get Process Info with psutil
  • Command Automation
    • Invoke
    • Other Command Helpers
  • Concurrency
    • Queues
    • Processes
    • Threads
    • The GIL
    • Concurrent.futures
    • Green Threads and gevent
    • Twisted
    • asyncio
  • Coroutines and Event Loops
  • Asyncio Alternatives
  • Async Versus
  • Async Frameworks and Servers
    • Redis
    • Beyond Queues
  • Review/Preview
  • Practice
• 22. Data in Space: Networks
  • TCP/IP
    • Sockets
    • Scapy
    • Netcat
  • Networking Patterns
  • The Request-Reply Pattern
    • Request-Reply: ZeroMQ
    • Request-Reply: Other Messaging Tools
  • The Publish-Subscribe Pattern
    • Pub-Sub: Redis
    • Pub-Sub: ZeroMQ
    • Pub-Sub: Other Tools
  • Internet Services
    • Domain Name System
    • Python Email Modules
    • Other Protocols
  • Web Services and APIs
  • Data Serialization
    • Serialize with pickle
    • Use Other Serialization Formats
  • Remote Procedure Calls
    • XML-RPC
    • JSON RPC
    • MessagePack RPC
    • zerorpc
    • gRPC
  • Remote Management
  • Big Fat Data
    • Hadoop
    • Spark
    • Disco
    • Dask
  • Clouds
    • Amazon Web Services
    • Google Cloud
    • Microsoft Azure
    • OpenStack
  • Docker
  • Kubernetes
  • Review/Preview
  • Practice
• 23. Data in a Box: Persistent Storage
  • Text Files
  • Tabular and Delimited Text Files
    • CSV
    • XML
    • An XML Security Note
    • HTML
    • JSON
    • YAML
    • TOML
    • Tablib
    • Configuration Files
  • Binary Files
    • Padded Binary Files and Memory Mapping
    • Spreadsheets
    • HDF5
    • TileDB
  • Relational Databases
    • SQL
    • DB-API
    • SQLite
    • DuckDB
    • MySQL
    • PostgreSQL
    • SQLAlchemy
      • The engine layer
      • The SQL Expression Language
      • The Object-Relational Mapper
    • Other Database Access Packages
  • NoSQL Data Stores
    • The dbm Family
    • Memcached
    • Redis
      • Strings
      • Lists
      • Hashes
      • Sets
      • Sorted sets
      • Caches and expiration
    • Redis Alternative: Valkey?
    • Document Databases
    • Time-Series Databases
    • Graph Databases
    • Other NoSQL
  • Full-Text Databases
  • Vector Databases
  • Geospatial Databases
  • Review/Preview
  • Practice
• 24. The Web
  • Web Basics
  • HTTP Testing
    • Telnet
    • curl
    • HTTPie
    • httpbin
  • Web Clients
    • The Standard Library
    • Requests
  • Other Web Clients
  • Web Servers
    • The Simplest Python Web Server
    • Web Server Gateway Interface
    • ASGI
    • Apache
    • NGINX
    • Other Python Web Servers
  • Web Server Frameworks
    • Bottle
    • Flask
    • Django
    • FastAPI
    • Litestar
  • Database Frameworks
  • Web Services and Automation
    • webbrowser
    • webview
  • Web APIs and REST
  • WebSockets
  • Webhooks
  • Web Frontends
    • htmx
    • FastHTML
  • Crawl and Scrape
    • Scrapy
    • Beautiful Soup
    • Requests-HTML
  • Lets Watch a Movie
  • Review/Preview
  • Practice
• 25. Data Science
  • Standard Python
    • Format Conversions
    • Math
    • Complex Numbers
    • Calculate Accurate Floating Point Values with decimal
    • Perform Rational Arithmetic with fractions
    • Use Packed Sequences with array
    • Statistics
    • Matrix Multiplication
  • NumPy
    • Make an Array with array()
    • Make an Array with arange()
    • Make an Array with zeros(), ones(), or random()
    • Change an Arrays Shape with reshape()
    • Get an Element with []
    • Array Math
    • Linear Algebra
  • SciPy
  • pandas
  • Polars
  • DuckDB
  • Data Visualization
  • Review/Preview
  • Practice
• 26. AI
  • It Turns Out
    • Expert Systems
    • Perceptrons
    • The Breakthrough
    • Image Recognition: ImageNet and AlexNet
    • Large Language Models
    • The ChatGPT Moment
    • Retrieval Augmented Generation
    • Agents
    • Efficiency
  • Create Models: Python Frameworks
  • Current Models
  • A Million Models: Hugging Face
  • Working Examples With Ollama
    • Install Ollama
    • Choose a Model
    • Choose Another Model
    • Ollama References
  • References
  • Review/Preview
  • Practice
• 27. Performance
  • Computer Hardware
  • Measure Timing
  • Profile
  • Algorithms and Data Structures
  • Arrays Versus Lists and Tuples
  • Cache
  • Cython
  • NumPy and SciPy
  • C or Rust Extensions
  • Taichi
  • PyPy
  • Numba
  • Standard Python JIT
  • Mojo
    • Background
    • Design
    • Examples
    • Limitations
    • Conclusion
  • Review/Preview
  • Practice
• A. Practice Answers
  • 2. Types and Variables
  • 3. Numbers
  • 4. Strings
  • 5. Bytes and Bytearray
  • 6. If and Match
  • 7. For and While
  • 8. Tuples and Lists
  • 9. Dictionaries and Sets
  • 10. Functions
  • 11. Objects
  • 12. Modules and Packages
  • 13. Development Environment
  • 14. Type Hints and Documentation
  • 15. Testing
  • 16. Debugging
  • 17. Text Data
  • 18. Binary Data
  • 19. Dates and Times
  • 20. Files
  • 21. Data in Time: Concurrency
  • 22. Data in Space: Networks
  • 23. Data in a Box: Persistent Storage
  • 24. The Web
  • 25. Data Science
  • 26. AI
  • 27. Performance
• Index

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