Perl Cookbook. 2nd Edition

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Spis treści książki

• Perl Cookbook, 2nd Edition
  • SPECIAL OFFER: Upgrade this ebook with OReilly
  • A Note Regarding Supplemental Files
  • Foreword
  • Preface
    • Whats in This Book
    • What's New in This Edition
    • Platform Notes
    • Other Books
    • Conventions Used in This Book
      • Programming Conventions
      • Typesetting Conventions
      • Documentation Conventions
    • We'd Like to Hear from You
    • Acknowledgments for the First Edition
      • Tom
      • Nat
    • Acknowledgments for the Second Edition
      • Tom
      • Nat
  • 1. Strings
    • Introduction
      • The Universal Character Code
      • Unicode Support in Perl
    • 1.1. Accessing Substrings
      • 1.1.1. Problem
      • 1.1.2. Solution
      • 1.1.3. Discussion
      • 1.1.4. See Also
    • 1.2. Establishing a Default Value
      • 1.2.1. Problem
      • 1.2.2. Solution
      • 1.2.3. Discussion
      • 1.2.4. See Also
    • 1.3. Exchanging Values Without Using Temporary Variables
      • 1.3.1. Problem
      • 1.3.2. Solution
      • 1.3.3. Discussion
      • 1.3.4. See Also
    • 1.4. Converting Between Characters and Values
      • 1.4.1. Problem
      • 1.4.2. Solution
      • 1.4.3. Discussion
      • 1.4.4. See Also
    • 1.5. Using Named Unicode Characters
      • 1.5.1. Problem
      • 1.5.2. Solution
      • 1.5.3. Discussion
      • 1.5.4. See Also
    • 1.6. Processing a String One Character at a Time
      • 1.6.1. Problem
      • 1.6.2. Solution
      • 1.6.3. Discussion
      • 1.6.4. See Also
    • 1.7. Reversing a String by Word or Character
      • 1.7.1. Problem
      • 1.7.2. Solution
      • 1.7.3. Discussion
      • 1.7.4. See Also
    • 1.8. Treating Unicode Combined Characters as Single Characters
      • 1.8.1. Problem
      • 1.8.2. Solution
      • 1.8.3. Discussion
      • 1.8.4. See Also
    • 1.9. Canonicalizing Strings with Unicode Combined Characters
      • 1.9.1. Problem
      • 1.9.2. Solution
      • 1.9.3. Discussion
      • 1.9.4. See Also
    • 1.10. Treating a Unicode String as Octets
      • 1.10.1. Problem
      • 1.10.2. Solution
      • 1.10.3. Discussion
      • 1.10.4. See Also
    • 1.11. Expanding and Compressing Tabs
      • 1.11.1. Problem
      • 1.11.2. Solution
      • 1.11.3. Discussion
      • 1.11.4. See Also
    • 1.12. Expanding Variables in User Input
      • 1.12.1. Problem
      • 1.12.2. Solution
      • 1.12.3. Discussion
      • 1.12.4. See Also
    • 1.13. Controlling Case
      • 1.13.1. Problem
      • 1.13.2. Solution
      • 1.13.3. Discussion
      • 1.13.4. See Also
    • 1.14. Properly Capitalizing a Title or Headline
      • 1.14.1. Problem
      • 1.14.2. Solution
      • 1.14.3. Discussion
      • 1.14.4. See Also
    • 1.15. Interpolating Functions and Expressions Within Strings
      • 1.15.1. Problem
      • 1.15.2. Solution
      • 1.15.3. Discussion
      • 1.15.4. See Also
    • 1.16. Indenting Here Documents
      • 1.16.1. Problem
      • 1.16.2. Solution
      • 1.16.3. Discussion
      • 1.16.4. See Also
    • 1.17. Reformatting Paragraphs
      • 1.17.1. Problem
      • 1.17.2. Solution
      • 1.17.3. Discussion
      • 1.17.4. See Also
    • 1.18. Escaping Characters
      • 1.18.1. Problem
      • 1.18.2. Solution
      • 1.18.3. Discussion
      • 1.18.4. See Also
    • 1.19. Trimming Blanks from the Ends of a String
      • 1.19.1. Problem
      • 1.19.2. Solution
      • 1.19.3. Discussion
      • 1.19.4. See Also
    • 1.20. Parsing Comma-Separated Data
      • 1.20.1. Problem
      • 1.20.2. Solution
      • 1.20.3. Discussion
      • 1.20.4. See Also
    • 1.21. Constant Variables
      • 1.21.1. Problem
      • 1.21.2. Solution
      • 1.21.3. Discussion
      • 1.21.4. See Also
    • 1.22. Soundex Matching
      • 1.22.1. Problem
      • 1.22.2. Solution
      • 1.22.3. Discussion
      • 1.22.4. See Also
    • 1.23. Program: fixstyle
    • 1.24. Program: psgrep
  • 2. Numbers
    • Introduction
    • 2.1. Checking Whether a String Is a Valid Number
      • 2.1.1. Problem
      • 2.1.2. Solution
      • 2.1.3. Discussion
      • 2.1.4. See Also
    • 2.2. Rounding Floating-Point Numbers
      • 2.2.1. Problem
      • 2.2.2. Solution
      • 2.2.3. Discussion
      • 2.2.4. See Also
    • 2.3. Comparing Floating-Point Numbers
      • 2.3.1. Problem
      • 2.3.2. Solution
      • 2.3.3. Discussion
      • 2.3.4. See Also
    • 2.4. Operating on a Series of Integers
      • 2.4.1. Problem
      • 2.4.2. Solution
      • 2.4.3. Discussion
      • 2.4.4. See Also
    • 2.5. Working with Roman Numerals
      • 2.5.1. Problem
      • 2.5.2. Solution
      • 2.5.3. Discussion
      • 2.5.4. See Also
    • 2.6. Generating Random Numbers
      • 2.6.1. Problem
      • 2.6.2. Solution
      • 2.6.3. Discussion
      • 2.6.4. See Also
    • 2.7. Generating Repeatable Random Number Sequences
      • 2.7.1. Problem
      • 2.7.2. Solution
      • 2.7.3. Discussion
      • 2.7.4. See Also
    • 2.8. Making Numbers Even More Random
      • 2.8.1. Problem
      • 2.8.2. Solution
      • 2.8.3. Discussion
      • 2.8.4. See Also
    • 2.9. Generating Biased Random Numbers
      • 2.9.1. Problem
      • 2.9.2. Solution
      • 2.9.3. Discussion
      • 2.9.4. See Also
    • 2.10. Doing Trigonometry in Degrees, Not Radians
      • 2.10.1. Problem
      • 2.10.2. Solution
      • 2.10.3. Discussion
      • 2.10.4. See Also
    • 2.11. Calculating More Trigonometric Functions
      • 2.11.1. Problem
      • 2.11.2. Solution
      • 2.11.3. Discussion
      • 2.11.4. See Also
    • 2.12. Taking Logarithms
      • 2.12.1. Problem
      • 2.12.2. Solution
      • 2.12.3. Discussion
      • 2.12.4. See Also
    • 2.13. Multiplying Matrices
      • 2.13.1. Problem
      • 2.13.2. Solution
      • 2.13.3. Discussion
      • 2.13.4. See Also
    • 2.14. Using Complex Numbers
      • 2.14.1. Problem
      • 2.14.2. Solution
      • 2.14.3. Discussion
      • 2.14.4. See Also
    • 2.15. Converting Binary, Octal, and Hexadecimal Numbers
      • 2.15.1. Problem
      • 2.15.2. Solution
      • 2.15.3. Discussion
      • 2.15.4. See Also
    • 2.16. Putting Commas in Numbers
      • 2.16.1. Problem
      • 2.16.2. Solution
      • 2.16.3. Discussion
      • 2.16.4. See Also
    • 2.17. Printing Correct Plurals
      • 2.17.1. Problem
      • 2.17.2. Solution
      • 2.17.3. Discussion
      • 2.17.4. See Also
    • 2.18. Program: Calculating Prime Factors
  • 3. Dates and Times
    • Introduction
    • 3.1. Finding Today's Date
      • 3.1.1. Problem
      • 3.1.2. Solution
      • 3.1.3. Discussion
      • 3.1.4. See Also
    • 3.2. Converting DMYHMS to Epoch Seconds
      • 3.2.1. Problem
      • 3.2.2. Solution
      • 3.2.3. Discussion
      • 3.2.4. See Also
    • 3.3. Converting Epoch Seconds to DMYHMS
      • 3.3.1. Problem
      • 3.3.2. Solution
      • 3.3.3. Discussion
      • 3.3.4. See Also
    • 3.4. Adding to or Subtracting from a Date
      • 3.4.1. Problem
      • 3.4.2. Solution
      • 3.4.3. Discussion
      • 3.4.4. See Also
    • 3.5. Difference of Two Dates
      • 3.5.1. Problem
      • 3.5.2. Solution
      • 3.5.3. Discussion
      • 3.5.4. See Also
    • 3.6. Day in a Week/Month/Year or Week Number
      • 3.6.1. Problem
      • 3.6.2. Solution
      • 3.6.3. Discussion
      • 3.6.4. See Also
    • 3.7. Parsing Dates and Times from Strings
      • 3.7.1. Problem
      • 3.7.2. Solution
      • 3.7.3. Discussion
      • 3.7.4. See Also
    • 3.8. Printing a Date
      • 3.8.1. Problem
      • 3.8.2. Solution
      • 3.8.3. Discussion
      • 3.8.4. See Also
    • 3.9. High-Resolution Timers
      • 3.9.1. Problem
      • 3.9.2. Solution
      • 3.9.3. Discussion
      • 3.9.4. See Also
    • 3.10. Short Sleeps
      • 3.10.1. Problem
      • 3.10.2. Solution
      • 3.10.3. Discussion
      • 3.10.4. See Also
    • 3.11. Program: hopdelta
  • 4. Arrays
    • Introduction
    • 4.1. Specifying a List in Your Program
      • 4.1.1. Problem
      • 4.1.2. Solution
      • 4.1.3. Discussion
      • 4.1.4. See Also
    • 4.2. Printing a List with Commas
      • 4.2.1. Problem
      • 4.2.2. Solution
      • 4.2.3. Discussion
      • 4.2.4. See Also
    • 4.3. Changing Array Size
      • 4.3.1. Problem
      • 4.3.2. Solution
      • 4.3.3. Discussion
      • 4.3.4. See Also
    • 4.4. Implementing a Sparse Array
      • 4.4.1. Problem
      • 4.4.2. Solution
      • 4.4.3. Discussion
      • 4.4.4. See Also
    • 4.5. Iterating Over an Array
      • 4.5.1. Problem
      • 4.5.2. Solution
      • 4.5.3. Discussion
      • 4.5.4. See Also
    • 4.6. Iterating Over an Array by Reference
      • 4.6.1. Problem
      • 4.6.2. Solution
      • 4.6.3. Discussion
      • 4.6.4. See Also
    • 4.7. Extracting Unique Elements from a List
      • 4.7.1. Problem
      • 4.7.2. Solution
        • 4.7.2.1. Straightforward
        • 4.7.2.2. Faster
        • 4.7.2.3. Similar but with user function
        • 4.7.2.4. Faster but different
        • 4.7.2.5. Faster and even more different
      • 4.7.3. Discussion
      • 4.7.4. See Also
    • 4.8. Finding Elements in One Array but Not Another
      • 4.8.1. Problem
      • 4.8.2. Solution
        • 4.8.2.1. Straightforward implementation
        • 4.8.2.2. More idiomatic version
        • 4.8.2.3. Loopless version
      • 4.8.3. Discussion
      • 4.8.4. See Also
    • 4.9. Computing Union, Intersection, or Difference of Unique Lists
      • 4.9.1. Problem
      • 4.9.2. Solution
        • 4.9.2.1. Simple solution for union and intersection
        • 4.9.2.2. More idiomatic version
        • 4.9.2.3. Union, intersection, and symmetric difference
        • 4.9.2.4. Indirect solution
      • 4.9.3. Discussion
      • 4.9.4. See Also
    • 4.10. Appending One Array to Another
      • 4.10.1. Problem
      • 4.10.2. Solution
      • 4.10.3. Discussion
      • 4.10.4. See Also
    • 4.11. Reversing an Array
      • 4.11.1. Problem
      • 4.11.2. Solution
      • 4.11.3. Discussion
      • 4.11.4. See Also
    • 4.12. Processing Multiple Elements of an Array
      • 4.12.1. Problem
      • 4.12.2. Solution
      • 4.12.3. Discussion
      • 4.12.4. See Also
    • 4.13. Finding the First List Element That Passes a Test
      • 4.13.1. Problem
      • 4.13.2. Solution
      • 4.13.3. Discussion
      • 4.13.4. See Also
    • 4.14. Finding All Elements in an Array Matching Certain Criteria
      • 4.14.1. Problem
      • 4.14.2. Solution
      • 4.14.3. Discussion
      • 4.14.4. See Also
    • 4.15. Sorting an Array Numerically
      • 4.15.1. Problem
      • 4.15.2. Solution
      • 4.15.3. Discussion
      • 4.15.4. See Also
    • 4.16. Sorting a List by Computable Field
      • 4.16.1. Problem
      • 4.16.2. Solution
      • 4.16.3. Discussion
      • 4.16.4. See Also
    • 4.17. Implementing a Circular List
      • 4.17.1. Problem
      • 4.17.2. Solution
      • 4.17.3. Procedure
      • 4.17.4. Discussion
      • 4.17.5. See Also
    • 4.18. Randomizing an Array
      • 4.18.1. Problem
      • 4.18.2. Solution
      • 4.18.3. Discussion
      • 4.18.4. See Also
    • 4.19. Program: words
      • 4.19.1. See Also
    • 4.20. Program: permute
      • 4.20.1. See Also
  • 5. Hashes
    • Introduction
      • See Also
    • 5.1. Adding an Element to a Hash
      • 5.1.1. Problem
      • 5.1.2. Solution
      • 5.1.3. Discussion
      • 5.1.4. See Also
    • 5.2. Testing for the Presence of a Key in a Hash
      • 5.2.1. Problem
      • 5.2.2. Solution
      • 5.2.3. Discussion
      • 5.2.4. See Also
    • 5.3. Creating a Hash with Immutable Keys or Values
      • 5.3.1. Problem
      • 5.3.2. Solution
      • 5.3.3. Discussion
      • 5.3.4. See Also
    • 5.4. Deleting from a Hash
      • 5.4.1. Problem
      • 5.4.2. Solution
      • 5.4.3. Discussion
      • 5.4.4. See Also
    • 5.5. Traversing a Hash
      • 5.5.1. Problem
      • 5.5.2. Solution
      • 5.5.3. Discussion
      • 5.5.4. See Also
    • 5.6. Printing a Hash
      • 5.6.1. Problem
      • 5.6.2. Solution
      • 5.6.3. Discussion
      • 5.6.4. See Also
    • 5.7. Retrieving from a Hash in Insertion Order
      • 5.7.1. Problem
      • 5.7.2. Solution
      • 5.7.3. Discussion
      • 5.7.4. See Also
    • 5.8. Hashes with Multiple Values per Key
      • 5.8.1. Problem
      • 5.8.2. Solution
      • 5.8.3. Discussion
      • 5.8.4. See Also
    • 5.9. Inverting a Hash
      • 5.9.1. Problem
      • 5.9.2. Solution
      • 5.9.3. Discussion
      • 5.9.4. See Also
    • 5.10. Sorting a Hash
      • 5.10.1. Problem
      • 5.10.2. Solution
      • 5.10.3. Discussion
      • 5.10.4. See Also
    • 5.11. Merging Hashes
      • 5.11.1. Problem
      • 5.11.2. Solution
      • 5.11.3. Discussion
      • 5.11.4. See Also
    • 5.12. Finding Common or Different Keys in Two Hashes
      • 5.12.1. Problem
      • 5.12.2. Solution
        • 5.12.2.1. Find common keys
        • 5.12.2.2. Find keys from one hash that aren't in both
      • 5.12.3. Discussion
      • 5.12.4. See Also
    • 5.13. Hashing References
      • 5.13.1. Problem
      • 5.13.2. Solution
      • 5.13.3. Discussion
      • 5.13.4. See Also
    • 5.14. Presizing a Hash
      • 5.14.1. Problem
      • 5.14.2. Solution
      • 5.14.3. Discussion
      • 5.14.4. See Also
    • 5.15. Finding the Most Common Anything
      • 5.15.1. Problem
      • 5.15.2. Solution
      • 5.15.3. Discussion
      • 5.15.4. See Also
    • 5.16. Representing Relationships Between Data
      • 5.16.1. Problem
      • 5.16.2. Solution
      • 5.16.3. Discussion
      • 5.16.4. See Also
    • 5.17. Program: dutree
  • 6. Pattern Matching
    • Introduction
      • The Tricky Bits
      • Pattern-Matching Modifiers
      • Special Variables
    • 6.1. Copying and Substituting Simultaneously
      • 6.1.1. Problem
      • 6.1.2. Solution
      • 6.1.3. Discussion
      • 6.1.4. See Also
    • 6.2. Matching Letters
      • 6.2.1. Problem
      • 6.2.2. Solution
      • 6.2.3. Discussion
      • 6.2.4. See Also
    • 6.3. Matching Words
      • 6.3.1. Problem
      • 6.3.2. Solution
      • 6.3.3. Discussion
      • 6.3.4. See Also
    • 6.4. Commenting Regular Expressions
      • 6.4.1. Problem
      • 6.4.2. Solution
      • 6.4.3. Discussion
      • 6.4.4. See Also
    • 6.5. Finding the Nth Occurrence of a Match
      • 6.5.1. Problem
      • 6.5.2. Solution
      • 6.5.3. Discussion
      • 6.5.4. See Also
    • 6.6. Matching Within Multiple Lines
      • 6.6.1. Problem
      • 6.6.2. Solution
      • 6.6.3. Discussion
      • 6.6.4. See Also
    • 6.7. Reading Records with a Separator
      • 6.7.1. Problem
      • 6.7.2. Solution
      • 6.7.3. Discussion
      • 6.7.4. See Also
    • 6.8. Extracting a Range of Lines
      • 6.8.1. Problem
      • 6.8.2. Solution
      • 6.8.3. Discussion
      • 6.8.4. See Also
    • 6.9. Matching Shell Globs as Regular Expressions
      • 6.9.1. Problem
      • 6.9.2. Solution
      • 6.9.3. Discussion
      • 6.9.4. See Also
    • 6.10. Speeding Up Interpolated Matches
      • 6.10.1. Problem
      • 6.10.2. Solution
      • 6.10.3. Discussion
      • 6.10.4. See Also
    • 6.11. Testing for a Valid Pattern
      • 6.11.1. Problem
      • 6.11.2. Solution
      • 6.11.3. Discussion
      • 6.11.4. See Also
    • 6.12. Honoring Locale Settings in Regular Expressions
      • 6.12.1. Problem
      • 6.12.2. Solution
      • 6.12.3. Discussion
      • 6.12.4. See Also
    • 6.13. Approximate Matching
      • 6.13.1. Problem
      • 6.13.2. Solution
      • 6.13.3. Discussion
      • 6.13.4. See Also
    • 6.14. Matching from Where the Last Pattern Left Off
      • 6.14.1. Problem
      • 6.14.2. Solution
      • 6.14.3. Discussion
      • 6.14.4. See Also
    • 6.15. Greedy and Non-Greedy Matches
      • 6.15.1. Problem
      • 6.15.2. Solution
      • 6.15.3. Discussion
      • 6.15.4. See Also
    • 6.16. Detecting Doubled Words
      • 6.16.1. Problem
      • 6.16.2. Solution
      • 6.16.3. Discussion
      • 6.16.4. See Also
    • 6.17. Matching Nested Patterns
      • 6.17.1. Problem
      • 6.17.2. Solution
      • 6.17.3. Discussion
      • 6.17.4. See Also
    • 6.18. Expressing AND, OR, and NOT in a Single Pattern
      • 6.18.1. Problem
      • 6.18.2. Solution
      • 6.18.3. Discussion
      • 6.18.4. See Also
    • 6.19. Matching a Valid Mail Address
      • 6.19.1. Problem
      • 6.19.2. Solution
      • 6.19.3. Discussion
      • 6.19.4. See Also
    • 6.20. Matching Abbreviations
      • 6.20.1. Problem
      • 6.20.2. Solution
      • 6.20.3. Discussion
      • 6.20.4. See Also
    • 6.21. Program: urlify
    • 6.22. Program: tcgrep
    • 6.23. Regular Expression Grab Bag
  • 7. File Access
    • Introduction
      • Getting a Handle on the File
      • Standard Filehandles
      • I/O Operations
    • 7.1. Opening a File
      • 7.1.1. Problem
      • 7.1.2. Solution
      • 7.1.3. Discussion
      • 7.1.4. See Also
    • 7.2. Opening Files with Unusual Filenames
      • 7.2.1. Problem
      • 7.2.2. Solution
      • 7.2.3. Discussion
      • 7.2.4. See Also
    • 7.3. Expanding Tildes in Filenames
      • 7.3.1. Problem
      • 7.3.2. Solution
      • 7.3.3. Discussion
      • 7.3.4. See Also
    • 7.4. Making Perl Report Filenames in Error Messages
      • 7.4.1. Problem
      • 7.4.2. Solution
      • 7.4.3. Discussion
      • 7.4.4. See Also
    • 7.5. Storing Filehandles into Variables
      • 7.5.1. Problem
      • 7.5.2. Solution
      • 7.5.3. Discussion
      • 7.5.4. See Also
    • 7.6. Writing a Subroutine That Takes Filehandles as Built-ins Do
      • 7.6.1. Problem
      • 7.6.2. Solution
      • 7.6.3. Discussion
      • 7.6.4. See Also
    • 7.7. Caching Open Output Filehandles
      • 7.7.1. Problem
      • 7.7.2. Solution
      • 7.7.3. Discussion
      • 7.7.4. See Also
    • 7.8. Printing to Many Filehandles Simultaneously
      • 7.8.1. Problem
      • 7.8.2. Solution
      • 7.8.3. Discussion
      • 7.8.4. See Also
    • 7.9. Opening and Closing File Descriptors by Number
      • 7.9.1. Problem
      • 7.9.2. Solution
      • 7.9.3. Discussion
      • 7.9.4. See Also
    • 7.10. Copying Filehandles
      • 7.10.1. Problem
      • 7.10.2. Solution
      • 7.10.3. Discussion
      • 7.10.4. See Also
    • 7.11. Creating Temporary Files
      • 7.11.1. Problem
      • 7.11.2. Solution
      • 7.11.3. Discussion
      • 7.11.4. See Also
    • 7.12. Storing a File Inside Your Program Text
      • 7.12.1. Problem
      • 7.12.2. Solution
      • 7.12.3. Discussion
      • 7.12.4. See Also
    • 7.13. Storing Multiple Files in the DATA Area
      • 7.13.1. Problem
      • 7.13.2. Solution
      • 7.13.3. Discussion
      • 7.13.4. See Also
    • 7.14. Writing a Unix-Style Filter Program
      • 7.14.1. Problem
      • 7.14.2. Solution
      • 7.14.3. Discussion
        • 7.14.3.1. Behavior
        • 7.14.3.2. Command-line options
      • 7.14.4. See Also
    • 7.15. Modifying a File in Place with a Temporary File
      • 7.15.1. Problem
      • 7.15.2. Solution
      • 7.15.3. Discussion
      • 7.15.4. See Also
    • 7.16. Modifying a File in Place with the -i Switch
      • 7.16.1. Problem
      • 7.16.2. Solution
      • 7.16.3. Discussion
      • 7.16.4. See Also
    • 7.17. Modifying a File in Place Without a Temporary File
      • 7.17.1. Problem
      • 7.17.2. Solution
      • 7.17.3. Discussion
      • 7.17.4. See Also
    • 7.18. Locking a File
      • 7.18.1. Problem
      • 7.18.2. Solution
      • 7.18.3. Discussion
      • 7.18.4. See Also
    • 7.19. Flushing Output
      • 7.19.1. Problem
      • 7.19.2. Solution
      • 7.19.3. Discussion
      • 7.19.4. See Also
    • 7.20. Doing Non-Blocking I/O
      • 7.20.1. Problem
      • 7.20.2. Solution
      • 7.20.3. Discussion
      • 7.20.4. See Also
    • 7.21. Determining the Number of Unread Bytes
      • 7.21.1. Problem
      • 7.21.2. Solution
      • 7.21.3. Discussion
      • 7.21.4. See Also
    • 7.22. Reading from Many Filehandles Without Blocking
      • 7.22.1. Problem
      • 7.22.2. Solution
      • 7.22.3. Discussion
      • 7.22.4. See Also
    • 7.23. Reading an Entire Line Without Blocking
      • 7.23.1. Problem
      • 7.23.2. Solution
      • 7.23.3. Discussion
      • 7.23.4. See Also
    • 7.24. Program: netlock
    • 7.25. Program: lockarea
  • 8. File Contents
    • Introduction
      • Basic Operations
      • Newlines
      • I/O Layers
      • Advanced Operations
    • 8.1. Reading Lines with Continuation Characters
      • 8.1.1. Problem
      • 8.1.2. Solution
      • 8.1.3. Discussion
      • 8.1.4. See Also
    • 8.2. Counting Lines (or Paragraphs or Records) in a File
      • 8.2.1. Problem
      • 8.2.2. Solution
      • 8.2.3. Discussion
      • 8.2.4. See Also
    • 8.3. Processing Every Word in a File
      • 8.3.1. Problem
      • 8.3.2. Solution
      • 8.3.3. Discussion
      • 8.3.4. See Also
    • 8.4. Reading a File Backward by Line or Paragraph
      • 8.4.1. Problem
      • 8.4.2. Solution
      • 8.4.3. Discussion
      • 8.4.4. See Also
    • 8.5. Trailing a Growing File
      • 8.5.1. Problem
      • 8.5.2. Solution
      • 8.5.3. Discussion
      • 8.5.4. See Also
    • 8.6. Picking a Random Line from a File
      • 8.6.1. Problem
      • 8.6.2. Solution
      • 8.6.3. Discussion
      • 8.6.4. See Also
    • 8.7. Randomizing All Lines
      • 8.7.1. Problem
      • 8.7.2. Solution
      • 8.7.3. Discussion
      • 8.7.4. See Also
    • 8.8. Reading a Particular Line in a File
      • 8.8.1. Problem
      • 8.8.2. Solution
      • 8.8.3. Discussion
      • 8.8.4. See Also
    • 8.9. Processing Variable-Length Text Fields
      • 8.9.1. Problem
      • 8.9.2. Solution
      • 8.9.3. Discussion
      • 8.9.4. See Also
    • 8.10. Removing the Last Line of a File
      • 8.10.1. Problem
      • 8.10.2. Solution
      • 8.10.3. Discussion
      • 8.10.4. See Also
    • 8.11. Processing Binary Files
      • 8.11.1. Problem
      • 8.11.2. Solution
      • 8.11.3. Discussion
      • 8.11.4. See Also
    • 8.12. Using Random-Access I/O
      • 8.12.1. Problem
      • 8.12.2. Solution
      • 8.12.3. Discussion
      • 8.12.4. See Also
    • 8.13. Updating a Random-Access File
      • 8.13.1. Problem
      • 8.13.2. Solution
      • 8.13.3. Discussion
      • 8.13.4. See Also
    • 8.14. Reading a String from a Binary File
      • 8.14.1. Problem
      • 8.14.2. Solution
      • 8.14.3. Discussion
      • 8.14.4. See Also
    • 8.15. Reading Fixed-Length Records
      • 8.15.1. Problem
      • 8.15.2. Solution
      • 8.15.3. Discussion
      • 8.15.4. See Also
    • 8.16. Reading Configuration Files
      • 8.16.1. Problem
      • 8.16.2. Solution
      • 8.16.3. Discussion
      • 8.16.4. See Also
    • 8.17. Testing a File for Trustworthiness
      • 8.17.1. Problem
      • 8.17.2. Solution
      • 8.17.3. Discussion
      • 8.17.4. See Also
    • 8.18. Treating a File as an Array
      • 8.18.1. Problem
      • 8.18.2. Solution
      • 8.18.3. Discussion
      • 8.18.4. See Also
    • 8.19. Setting the Default I/O Layers
      • 8.19.1. Problem
      • 8.19.2. Solution
      • 8.19.3. Discussion
      • 8.19.4. See Also
    • 8.20. Reading or Writing Unicode from a Filehandle
      • 8.20.1. Problem
      • 8.20.2. Solution
      • 8.20.3. Discussion
      • 8.20.4. See Also
    • 8.21. Converting Microsoft Text Files into Unicode
      • 8.21.1. Problem
      • 8.21.2. Solution
      • 8.21.3. Discussion
      • 8.21.4. See Also
    • 8.22. Comparing the Contents of Two Files
      • 8.22.1. Problem
      • 8.22.2. Solution
      • 8.22.3. Discussion
      • 8.22.4. See Also
    • 8.23. Pretending a String Is a File
      • 8.23.1. Problem
      • 8.23.2. Solution
      • 8.23.3. Discussion
      • 8.23.4. See Also
    • 8.24. Program: tailwtmp
    • 8.25. Program: tctee
    • 8.26. Program: laston
    • 8.27. Program: Flat File Indexes
  • 9. Directories
    • Introduction
      • Executive Summary
    • 9.1. Getting and Setting Timestamps
      • 9.1.1. Problem
      • 9.1.2. Solution
      • 9.1.3. Discussion
      • 9.1.4. See Also
    • 9.2. Deleting a File
      • 9.2.1. Problem
      • 9.2.2. Solution
      • 9.2.3. Discussion
      • 9.2.4. See Also
    • 9.3. Copying or Moving a File
      • 9.3.1. Problem
      • 9.3.2. Solution
      • 9.3.3. Discussion
      • 9.3.4. See Also
    • 9.4. Recognizing Two Names for the Same File
      • 9.4.1. Problem
      • 9.4.2. Solution
      • 9.4.3. Discussion
      • 9.4.4. See Also
    • 9.5. Processing All Files in a Directory
      • 9.5.1. Problem
      • 9.5.2. Solution
      • 9.5.3. Discussion
      • 9.5.4. See Also
    • 9.6. Globbing, or Getting a List of Filenames Matching a Pattern
      • 9.6.1. Problem
      • 9.6.2. Solution
      • 9.6.3. Discussion
      • 9.6.4. See Also
    • 9.7. Processing All Files in a Directory Recursively
      • 9.7.1. Problem
      • 9.7.2. Solution
      • 9.7.3. Discussion
      • 9.7.4. See Also
    • 9.8. Removing a Directory and Its Contents
      • 9.8.1. Problem
      • 9.8.2. Solution
      • 9.8.3. Discussion
      • 9.8.4. See Also
    • 9.9. Renaming Files
      • 9.9.1. Problem
      • 9.9.2. Solution
      • 9.9.3. Discussion
      • 9.9.4. See Also
    • 9.10. Splitting a Filename into Its Component Parts
      • 9.10.1. Problem
      • 9.10.2. Solution
      • 9.10.3. Discussion
      • 9.10.4. See Also
    • 9.11. Working with Symbolic File Permissions Instead of Octal Values
      • 9.11.1. Problem
      • 9.11.2. Solution
      • 9.11.3. Discussion
      • 9.11.4. See Also
    • 9.12. Program: symirror
    • 9.13. Program: lst
  • 10. Subroutines
    • Introduction
    • 10.1. Accessing Subroutine Arguments
      • 10.1.1. Problem
      • 10.1.2. Solution
      • 10.1.3. Discussion
      • 10.1.4. See Also
    • 10.2. Making Variables Private to a Function
      • 10.2.1. Problem
      • 10.2.2. Solution
      • 10.2.3. Discussion
      • 10.2.4. See Also
    • 10.3. Creating Persistent Private Variables
      • 10.3.1. Problem
      • 10.3.2. Solution
      • 10.3.3. Discussion
      • 10.3.4. See Also
    • 10.4. Determining Current Function Name
      • 10.4.1. Problem
      • 10.4.2. Solution
      • 10.4.3. Discussion
      • 10.4.4. See Also
    • 10.5. Passing Arrays and Hashes by Reference
      • 10.5.1. Problem
      • 10.5.2. Solution
      • 10.5.3. Discussion
      • 10.5.4. See Also
    • 10.6. Detecting Return Context
      • 10.6.1. Problem
      • 10.6.2. Solution
      • 10.6.3. Discussion
      • 10.6.4. See Also
    • 10.7. Passing by Named Parameter
      • 10.7.1. Problem
      • 10.7.2. Solution
      • 10.7.3. Discussion
      • 10.7.4. See Also
    • 10.8. Skipping Selected Return Values
      • 10.8.1. Problem
      • 10.8.2. Solution
      • 10.8.3. Discussion
      • 10.8.4. See Also
    • 10.9. Returning More Than One Array or Hash
      • 10.9.1. Problem
      • 10.9.2. Solution
      • 10.9.3. Discussion
      • 10.9.4. See Also
    • 10.10. Returning Failure
      • 10.10.1. Problem
      • 10.10.2. Solution
      • 10.10.3. Discussion
      • 10.10.4. See Also
    • 10.11. Prototyping Functions
      • 10.11.1. Problem
      • 10.11.2. Solution
      • 10.11.3. Discussion
        • 10.11.3.1. Omitting parentheses
        • 10.11.3.2. Mimicking built-ins
      • 10.11.4. See Also
    • 10.12. Handling Exceptions
      • 10.12.1. Problem
      • 10.12.2. Solution
      • 10.12.3. Discussion
      • 10.12.4. See Also
    • 10.13. Saving Global Values
      • 10.13.1. Problem
      • 10.13.2. Solution
      • 10.13.3. Discussion
        • 10.13.3.1. Using local( ) for temporary values for globals
        • 10.13.3.2. Using local( ) for local handles
        • 10.13.3.3. Using local( ) on parts of aggregates
      • 10.13.4. See Also
    • 10.14. Redefining a Function
      • 10.14.1. Problem
      • 10.14.2. Solution
      • 10.14.3. Discussion
      • 10.14.4. See Also
    • 10.15. Trapping Undefined Function Calls with AUTOLOAD
      • 10.15.1. Problem
      • 10.15.2. Solution
      • 10.15.3. Discussion
      • 10.15.4. See Also
    • 10.16. Nesting Subroutines
      • 10.16.1. Problem
      • 10.16.2. Solution
      • 10.16.3. Discussion
      • 10.16.4. See Also
    • 10.17. Writing a Switch Statement
      • 10.17.1. Problem
      • 10.17.2. Solution
      • 10.17.3. Discussion
      • 10.17.4. See Also
    • 10.18. Program: Sorting Your Mail
      • 10.18.1. See Also
  • 11. References and Records
    • Introduction
      • References
      • Anonymous Data
      • Records
      • See Also
    • 11.1. Taking References to Arrays
      • 11.1.1. Problem
      • 11.1.2. Solution
      • 11.1.3. Discussion
      • 11.1.4. See Also
    • 11.2. Making Hashes of Arrays
      • 11.2.1. Problem
      • 11.2.2. Solution
      • 11.2.3. Discussion
      • 11.2.4. See Also
    • 11.3. Taking References to Hashes
      • 11.3.1. Problem
      • 11.3.2. Solution
      • 11.3.3. Discussion
      • 11.3.4. See Also
    • 11.4. Taking References to Functions
      • 11.4.1. Problem
      • 11.4.2. Solution
      • 11.4.3. Discussion
      • 11.4.4. See Also
    • 11.5. Taking References to Scalars
      • 11.5.1. Problem
      • 11.5.2. Solution
      • 11.5.3. Discussion
      • 11.5.4. See Also
    • 11.6. Creating Arrays of Scalar References
      • 11.6.1. Problem
      • 11.6.2. Solution
      • 11.6.3. Discussion
      • 11.6.4. See Also
    • 11.7. Using Closures Instead of Objects
      • 11.7.1. Problem
      • 11.7.2. Solution
      • 11.7.3. Discussion
      • 11.7.4. See Also
    • 11.8. Creating References to Methods
      • 11.8.1. Problem
      • 11.8.2. Solution
      • 11.8.3. Discussion
      • 11.8.4. See Also
    • 11.9. Constructing Records
      • 11.9.1. Problem
      • 11.9.2. Solution
      • 11.9.3. Discussion
      • 11.9.4. See Also
    • 11.10. Reading and Writing Hash Records to Text Files
      • 11.10.1. Problem
      • 11.10.2. Solution
      • 11.10.3. Discussion
      • 11.10.4. See Also
    • 11.11. Printing Data Structures
      • 11.11.1. Problem
      • 11.11.2. Solution
      • 11.11.3. Discussion
      • 11.11.4. See Also
    • 11.12. Copying Data Structures
      • 11.12.1. Problem
      • 11.12.2. Solution
      • 11.12.3. Discussion
      • 11.12.4. See Also
    • 11.13. Storing Data Structures to Disk
      • 11.13.1. Problem
      • 11.13.2. Solution
      • 11.13.3. Discussion
      • 11.13.4. See Also
    • 11.14. Transparently Persistent Data Structures
      • 11.14.1. Problem
      • 11.14.2. Solution
      • 11.14.3. Discussion
      • 11.14.4. See Also
    • 11.15. Coping with Circular Data Structures Using Weak References
      • 11.15.1. Problem
      • 11.15.2. Solution
      • 11.15.3. Description
      • 11.15.4. See Also
    • 11.16. Program: Outlines
    • 11.17. Program: Binary Trees
  • 12. Packages, Libraries, and Modules
    • Introduction
      • Modules
      • Import/Export Regulations
      • Other Kinds of Library Files
      • Not Reinventing the Wheel
      • See Also
    • 12.1. Defining a Module's Interface
      • 12.1.1. Problem
      • 12.1.2. Solution
      • 12.1.3. Discussion
      • 12.1.4. See Also
    • 12.2. Trapping Errors in require or use
      • 12.2.1. Problem
      • 12.2.2. Solution
      • 12.2.3. Discussion
      • 12.2.4. See Also
    • 12.3. Delaying use Until Runtime
      • 12.3.1. Problem
      • 12.3.2. Solution
      • 12.3.3. Discussion
      • 12.3.4. See Also
    • 12.4. Making Variables Private to a Module
      • 12.4.1. Problem
      • 12.4.2. Solution
      • 12.4.3. Discussion
      • 12.4.4. See Also
    • 12.5. Making Functions Private to a Module
      • 12.5.1. Problem
      • 12.5.2. Solution
      • 12.5.3. Discussion
      • 12.5.4. See Also
    • 12.6. Determining the Caller's Package
      • 12.6.1. Problem
      • 12.6.2. Solution
      • 12.6.3. Discussion
      • 12.6.4. See Also
    • 12.7. Automating Module Cleanup
      • 12.7.1. Problem
      • 12.7.2. Solution
      • 12.7.3. Discussion
      • 12.7.4. See Also
    • 12.8. Keeping Your Own Module Directory
      • 12.8.1. Problem
      • 12.8.2. Solution
      • 12.8.3. Discussion
      • 12.8.4. See Also
    • 12.9. Preparing a Module for Distribution
      • 12.9.1. Problem
      • 12.9.2. Solution
      • 12.9.3. Discussion
      • 12.9.4. See Also
    • 12.10. Speeding Module Loading with SelfLoader
      • 12.10.1. Problem
      • 12.10.2. Solution
      • 12.10.3. Discussion
      • 12.10.4. See Also
    • 12.11. Speeding Up Module Loading with Autoloader
      • 12.11.1. Problem
      • 12.11.2. Solution
      • 12.11.3. Discussion
      • 12.11.4. See Also
    • 12.12. Overriding Built-in Functions
      • 12.12.1. Problem
      • 12.12.2. Solution
      • 12.12.3. Discussion
      • 12.12.4. See Also
    • 12.13. Overriding a Built-in Function in All Packages
      • 12.13.1. Problem
      • 12.13.2. Solution
      • 12.13.3. Discussion
      • 12.13.4. See Also
    • 12.14. Reporting Errors and Warnings Like Built-ins
      • 12.14.1. Problem
      • 12.14.2. Solution
      • 12.14.3. Discussion
      • 12.14.4. See Also
    • 12.15. Customizing Warnings
      • 12.15.1. Problem
      • 12.15.2. Solution
      • 12.15.3. Discussion
      • 12.15.4. See Also
    • 12.16. Referring to Packages Indirectly
      • 12.16.1. Problem
      • 12.16.2. Solution
      • 12.16.3. Discussion
      • 12.16.4. See Also
    • 12.17. Using h2ph to Translate C #include Files
      • 12.17.1. Problem
      • 12.17.2. Solution
      • 12.17.3. Discussion
      • 12.17.4. See Also
    • 12.18. Using h2xs to Make a Module with C Code
      • 12.18.1. Problem
      • 12.18.2. Solution
      • 12.18.3. Discussion
      • 12.18.4. See Also
    • 12.19. Writing Extensions in C with Inline::C
      • 12.19.1. Problem
      • 12.19.2. Solution
      • 12.19.3. Discussion
      • 12.19.4. See Also
    • 12.20. Documenting Your Module with Pod
      • 12.20.1. Problem
      • 12.20.2. Solution
      • 12.20.3. Discussion
      • 12.20.4. See Also
    • 12.21. Building and Installing a CPAN Module
      • 12.21.1. Problem
      • 12.21.2. Solution
      • 12.21.3. Discussion
      • 12.21.4. See Also
    • 12.22. Example: Module Template
    • 12.23. Program: Finding Versions and Descriptions of Installed Modules
  • 13. Classes, Objects, and Ties
    • Introduction
      • Under the Hood
      • Methods
      • Inheritance
      • A Warning on Indirect Object Notation
      • Some Notes on Object Terminology
      • Philosophical Aside
      • See Also
    • 13.1. Constructing an Object
      • 13.1.1. Problem
      • 13.1.2. Solution
      • 13.1.3. Discussion
      • 13.1.4. See Also
    • 13.2. Destroying an Object
      • 13.2.1. Problem
      • 13.2.2. Solution
      • 13.2.3. Discussion
      • 13.2.4. See Also
    • 13.3. Managing Instance Data
      • 13.3.1. Problem
      • 13.3.2. Solution
      • 13.3.3. Discussion
      • 13.3.4. See Also
    • 13.4. Managing Class Data
      • 13.4.1. Problem
      • 13.4.2. Solution
      • 13.4.3. Discussion
      • 13.4.4. See Also
    • 13.5. Using Classes as Structs
      • 13.5.1. Problem
      • 13.5.2. Solution
      • 13.5.3. Discussion
      • 13.5.4. See Also
    • 13.6. Cloning Constructors
      • 13.6.1. Problem
      • 13.6.2. Solution
      • 13.6.3. Discussion
      • 13.6.4. See Also
    • 13.7. Copy Constructors
      • 13.7.1. Problem
      • 13.7.2. Solution
      • 13.7.3. Discussion
      • 13.7.4. See Also
    • 13.8. Invoking Methods Indirectly
      • 13.8.1. Problem
      • 13.8.2. Solution
      • 13.8.3. Discussion
      • 13.8.4. See Also
    • 13.9. Determining Subclass Membership
      • 13.9.1. Problem
      • 13.9.2. Solution
      • 13.9.3. Discussion
      • 13.9.4. See Also
    • 13.10. Writing an Inheritable Class
      • 13.10.1. Problem
      • 13.10.2. Solution
      • 13.10.3. Discussion
      • 13.10.4. See Also
    • 13.11. Accessing Overridden Methods
      • 13.11.1. Problem
      • 13.11.2. Solution
      • 13.11.3. Discussion
      • 13.11.4. See Also
    • 13.12. Generating Attribute Methods Using AUTOLOAD
      • 13.12.1. Problem
      • 13.12.2. Solution
      • 13.12.3. Discussion
      • 13.12.4. See Also
    • 13.13. Coping with Circular Data Structures Using Objects
      • 13.13.1. Problem
      • 13.13.2. Solution
      • 13.13.3. Discussion
      • 13.13.4. See Also
    • 13.14. Overloading Operators
      • 13.14.1. Problem
      • 13.14.2. Solution
      • 13.14.3. Discussion
      • 13.14.4. Example: Overloaded StrNum Class
      • 13.14.5. Example: Overloaded FixNum Class
      • 13.14.6. See Also
    • 13.15. Creating Magic Variables with tie
      • 13.15.1. Problem
      • 13.15.2. Solution
      • 13.15.3. Discussion
      • 13.15.4. Tie Example: Outlaw $_
      • 13.15.5. Tie Example: Make a Hash That Always Appends
      • 13.15.6. Tie Example: Case-Insensitive Hash
      • 13.15.7. Tie Example: Hash That Allows Lookups by Key or Value
      • 13.15.8. Tie Example: Handle That Counts Access
      • 13.15.9. Tie Example: Multiple Sink Filehandles
      • 13.15.10. See Also
  • 14. Database Access
    • Introduction
    • 14.1. Making and Using a DBM File
      • 14.1.1. Problem
      • 14.1.2. Solution
      • 14.1.3. Discussion
      • 14.1.4. See Also
    • 14.2. Emptying a DBM File
      • 14.2.1. Problem
      • 14.2.2. Solution
      • 14.2.3. Discussion
      • 14.2.4. See Also
    • 14.3. Converting Between DBM Files
      • 14.3.1. Problem
      • 14.3.2. Solution
      • 14.3.3. Discussion
      • 14.3.4. See Also
    • 14.4. Merging DBM Files
      • 14.4.1. Problem
      • 14.4.2. Solution
      • 14.4.3. Discussion
      • 14.4.4. See Also
    • 14.5. Sorting Large DBM Files
      • 14.5.1. Problem
      • 14.5.2. Solution
      • 14.5.3. Description
      • 14.5.4. See Also
    • 14.6. Storing Complex Data in a DBM File
      • 14.6.1. Problem
      • 14.6.2. Solution
      • 14.6.3. Discussion
      • 14.6.4. See Also
    • 14.7. Persistent Data
      • 14.7.1. Problem
      • 14.7.2. Solution
      • 14.7.3. Discussion
      • 14.7.4. See Also
    • 14.8. Saving Query Results to Excel or CSV
      • 14.8.1. Problem
      • 14.8.2. Solution
      • 14.8.3. Discussion
      • 14.8.4. See Also
    • 14.9. Executing an SQL Command Using DBI
      • 14.9.1. Problem
      • 14.9.2. Solution
      • 14.9.3. Discussion
      • 14.9.4. See Also
    • 14.10. Escaping Quotes
      • 14.10.1. Problem
      • 14.10.2. Solution
      • 14.10.3. Discussion
      • 14.10.4. See Also
    • 14.11. Dealing with Database Errors
      • 14.11.1. Problem
      • 14.11.2. Solution
      • 14.11.3. Discussion
      • 14.11.4. See Also
    • 14.12. Repeating Queries Efficiently
      • 14.12.1. Problem
      • 14.12.2. Solution
      • 14.12.3. Discussion
      • 14.12.4. See Also
    • 14.13. Building Queries Programmatically
      • 14.13.1. Problem
      • 14.13.2. Solution
      • 14.13.3. Discussion
      • 14.13.4. See Also
    • 14.14. Finding the Number of Rows Returned by a Query
      • 14.14.1. Problem
      • 14.14.2. Solution
      • 14.14.3. Discussion
      • 14.14.4. See Also
    • 14.15. Using Transactions
      • 14.15.1. Problem
      • 14.15.2. Solution
      • 14.15.3. Discussion
      • 14.15.4. See Also
    • 14.16. Viewing Data One Page at a Time
      • 14.16.1. Problem
      • 14.16.2. Solution
      • 14.16.3. Discussion
      • 14.16.4. See Also
    • 14.17. Querying a CSV File with SQL
      • 14.17.1. Problem
      • 14.17.2. Solution
      • 14.17.3. Discussion
      • 14.17.4. See Also
    • 14.18. Using SQL Without a Database Server
      • 14.18.1. Problem
      • 14.18.2. Solution
      • 14.18.3. Discussion
      • 14.18.4. See Also
    • 14.19. Program: gghGrep Netscape Global History
      • 14.19.1. See Also
  • 15. Interactivity
    • Introduction
    • 15.1. Parsing Program Arguments
      • 15.1.1. Problem
      • 15.1.2. Solution
      • 15.1.3. Discussion
      • 15.1.4. See Also
    • 15.2. Testing Whether a Program Is Running Interactively
      • 15.2.1. Problem
      • 15.2.2. Solution
      • 15.2.3. Discussion
      • 15.2.4. See Also
    • 15.3. Clearing the Screen
      • 15.3.1. Problem
      • 15.3.2. Solution
      • 15.3.3. Discussion
      • 15.3.4. See Also
    • 15.4. Determining Terminal or Window Size
      • 15.4.1. Problem
      • 15.4.2. Solution
      • 15.4.3. Discussion
      • 15.4.4. See Also
    • 15.5. Changing Text Color
      • 15.5.1. Problem
      • 15.5.2. Solution
      • 15.5.3. Discussion
      • 15.5.4. See Also
    • 15.6. Reading Single Characters from the Keyboard
      • 15.6.1. Problem
      • 15.6.2. Solution
      • 15.6.3. Discussion
      • 15.6.4. See Also
    • 15.7. Ringing the Terminal Bell
      • 15.7.1. Problem
      • 15.7.2. Solution
      • 15.7.3. Discussion
      • 15.7.4. See Also
    • 15.8. Using POSIX termios
      • 15.8.1. Problem
      • 15.8.2. Solution
      • 15.8.3. Description
      • 15.8.4. See Also
    • 15.9. Checking for Waiting Input
      • 15.9.1. Problem
      • 15.9.2. Solution
      • 15.9.3. Discussion
      • 15.9.4. See Also
    • 15.10. Reading Passwords
      • 15.10.1. Problem
      • 15.10.2. Solution
      • 15.10.3. Discussion
      • 15.10.4. See Also
    • 15.11. Editing Input
      • 15.11.1. Problem
      • 15.11.2. Solution
      • 15.11.3. Discussion
      • 15.11.4. See Also
    • 15.12. Managing the Screen
      • 15.12.1. Problem
      • 15.12.2. Solution
      • 15.12.3. Description
      • 15.12.4. See Also
    • 15.13. Controlling Another Program with Expect
      • 15.13.1. Problem
      • 15.13.2. Solution
      • 15.13.3. Discussion
      • 15.13.4. See Also
    • 15.14. Creating Menus with Tk
      • 15.14.1. Problem
      • 15.14.2. Solution
      • 15.14.3. Discussion
      • 15.14.4. See Also
    • 15.15. Creating Dialog Boxes with Tk
      • 15.15.1. Problem
      • 15.15.2. Solution
      • 15.15.3. Discussion
      • 15.15.4. See Also
    • 15.16. Responding to Tk Resize Events
      • 15.16.1. Problem
      • 15.16.2. Solution
      • 15.16.3. Discussion
      • 15.16.4. See Also
    • 15.17. Removing the DOS Shell Window with Windows Perl/Tk
      • 15.17.1. Problem
      • 15.17.2. Solution
      • 15.17.3. Description
      • 15.17.4. See Also
    • 15.18. Graphing Data
      • 15.18.1. Problem
      • 15.18.2. Solution
      • 15.18.3. Discussion
      • 15.18.4. See Also
    • 15.19. Thumbnailing Images
      • 15.19.1. Problem
      • 15.19.2. Solution
      • 15.19.3. Discussion
      • 15.19.4. See Also
    • 15.20. Adding Text to an Image
      • 15.20.1. Problem
      • 15.20.2. Solution
      • 15.20.3. Discussion
      • 15.20.4. See Also
    • 15.21. Program: Small termcap Program
      • 15.21.1. Description
      • 15.21.2. See Also
    • 15.22. Program: tkshufflepod
    • 15.23. Program: graphbox
  • 16. Process Management and Communication
    • Introduction
      • Process Creation
      • Signals
    • 16.1. Gathering Output from a Program
      • 16.1.1. Problem
      • 16.1.2. Solution
      • 16.1.3. Discussion
      • 16.1.4. See Also
    • 16.2. Running Another Program
      • 16.2.1. Problem
      • 16.2.2. Solution
      • 16.2.3. Discussion
      • 16.2.4. See Also
    • 16.3. Replacing the Current Program with a Different One
      • 16.3.1. Problem
      • 16.3.2. Solution
      • 16.3.3. Discussion
      • 16.3.4. See Also
    • 16.4. Reading or Writing to Another Program
      • 16.4.1. Problem
      • 16.4.2. Solution
      • 16.4.3. Discussion
      • 16.4.4. See Also
    • 16.5. Filtering Your Own Output
      • 16.5.1. Problem
      • 16.5.2. Solution
      • 16.5.3. Discussion
      • 16.5.4. See Also
    • 16.6. Preprocessing Input
      • 16.6.1. Problem
      • 16.6.2. Solution
      • 16.6.3. Discussion
      • 16.6.4. See Also
    • 16.7. Reading STDERR from a Program
      • 16.7.1. Problem
      • 16.7.2. Solution
      • 16.7.3. Discussion
      • 16.7.4. See Also
    • 16.8. Controlling Input and Output of Another Program
      • 16.8.1. Problem
      • 16.8.2. Solution
      • 16.8.3. Discussion
      • 16.8.4. See Also
    • 16.9. Controlling the Input, Output, and Error of Another Program
      • 16.9.1. Problem
      • 16.9.2. Solution
      • 16.9.3. Discussion
      • 16.9.4. See Also
    • 16.10. Communicating Between Related Processes
      • 16.10.1. Problem
      • 16.10.2. Solution
      • 16.10.3. Discussion
      • 16.10.4. See Also
    • 16.11. Making a Process Look Like a File with Named Pipes
      • 16.11.1. Problem
      • 16.11.2. Solution
      • 16.11.3. Discussion
      • 16.11.4. See Also
    • 16.12. Sharing Variables in Different Processes
      • 16.12.1. Problem
      • 16.12.2. Solution
      • 16.12.3. Discussion
      • 16.12.4. See Also
    • 16.13. Listing Available Signals
      • 16.13.1. Problem
      • 16.13.2. Solution
      • 16.13.3. Discussion
      • 16.13.4. See Also
    • 16.14. Sending a Signal
      • 16.14.1. Problem
      • 16.14.2. Solution
      • 16.14.3. Discussion
      • 16.14.4. See Also
    • 16.15. Installing a Signal Handler
      • 16.15.1. Problem
      • 16.15.2. Solution
      • 16.15.3. Discussion
      • 16.15.4. See Also
    • 16.16. Temporarily Overriding a Signal Handler
      • 16.16.1. Problem
      • 16.16.2. Solution
      • 16.16.3. Discussion
      • 16.16.4. See Also
    • 16.17. Writing a Signal Handler
      • 16.17.1. Problem
      • 16.17.2. Solution
      • 16.17.3. Discussion
      • 16.17.4. See Also
    • 16.18. Catching Ctrl-C
      • 16.18.1. Problem
      • 16.18.2. Solution
      • 16.18.3. Discussion
      • 16.18.4. See Also
    • 16.19. Avoiding Zombie Processes
      • 16.19.1. Problem
      • 16.19.2. Solution
      • 16.19.3. Discussion
      • 16.19.4. See Also
    • 16.20. Blocking Signals
      • 16.20.1. Problem
      • 16.20.2. Solution
      • 16.20.3. Discussion
      • 16.20.4. See Also
    • 16.21. Timing Out an Operation
      • 16.21.1. Problem
      • 16.21.2. Solution
      • 16.21.3. Discussion
      • 16.21.4. See Also
    • 16.22. Turning Signals into Fatal Errors
      • 16.22.1. Problem
      • 16.22.2. Solution
      • 16.22.3. Discussion
      • 16.22.4. See Also
    • 16.23. Program: sigrand
  • 17. Sockets
    • Introduction
    • 17.1. Writing a TCP Client
      • 17.1.1. Problem
      • 17.1.2. Solution
      • 17.1.3. Discussion
      • 17.1.4. See Also
    • 17.2. Writing a TCP Server
      • 17.2.1. Problem
      • 17.2.2. Solution
      • 17.2.3. Discussion
      • 17.2.4. See Also
    • 17.3. Communicating over TCP
      • 17.3.1. Problem
      • 17.3.2. Solution
      • 17.3.3. Discussion
      • 17.3.4. See Also
    • 17.4. Setting Up a UDP Client
      • 17.4.1. Problem
      • 17.4.2. Solution
      • 17.4.3. Discussion
      • 17.4.4. See Also
    • 17.5. Setting Up a UDP Server
      • 17.5.1. Problem
      • 17.5.2. Solution
      • 17.5.3. Discussion
      • 17.5.4. See Also
    • 17.6. Using Unix Domain Sockets
      • 17.6.1. Problem
      • 17.6.2. Solution
      • 17.6.3. Discussion
      • 17.6.4. See Also
    • 17.7. Identifying the Other End of a Socket
      • 17.7.1. Problem
      • 17.7.2. Solution
      • 17.7.3. Discussion
      • 17.7.4. See Also
    • 17.8. Finding Your Own Name and Address
      • 17.8.1. Problem
      • 17.8.2. Solution
      • 17.8.3. Discussion
      • 17.8.4. See Also
    • 17.9. Closing a Socket After Forking
      • 17.9.1. Problem
      • 17.9.2. Solution
      • 17.9.3. Discussion
      • 17.9.4. See Also
    • 17.10. Writing Bidirectional Clients
      • 17.10.1. Problem
      • 17.10.2. Solution
      • 17.10.3. Discussion
      • 17.10.4. See Also
    • 17.11. Forking Servers
      • 17.11.1. Problem
      • 17.11.2. Solution
      • 17.11.3. Discussion
      • 17.11.4. See Also
    • 17.12. Pre-Forking Servers
      • 17.12.1. Problem
      • 17.12.2. Solution
      • 17.12.3. Discussion
      • 17.12.4. See Also
    • 17.13. Non-Forking Servers
      • 17.13.1. Problem
      • 17.13.2. Solution
      • 17.13.3. Discussion
      • 17.13.4. See Also
    • 17.14. Multitasking Server with Threads
      • 17.14.1. Problem
      • 17.14.2. Solution
      • 17.14.3. Discussion
      • 17.14.4. See Also
    • 17.15. Writing a Multitasking Server with POE
      • 17.15.1. Problem
      • 17.15.2. Solution
      • 17.15.3. Solution
      • 17.15.4. See Also
    • 17.16. Writing a Multihomed Server
      • 17.16.1. Problem
      • 17.16.2. Solution
      • 17.16.3. Discussion
      • 17.16.4. See Also
    • 17.17. Making a Daemon Server
      • 17.17.1. Problem
      • 17.17.2. Solution
      • 17.17.3. Discussion
      • 17.17.4. See Also
    • 17.18. Restarting a Server on Demand
      • 17.18.1. Problem
      • 17.18.2. Solution
      • 17.18.3. Discussion
      • 17.18.4. See Also
    • 17.19. Managing Multiple Streams of Input
      • 17.19.1. Problem
      • 17.19.2. Solution
      • 17.19.3. Discussion
      • 17.19.4. See Also
    • 17.20. Program: backsniff
    • 17.21. Program: fwdport
      • 17.21.1. See Also
  • 18. Internet Services
    • Introduction
    • 18.1. Simple DNS Lookups
      • 18.1.1. Problem
      • 18.1.2. Solution
      • 18.1.3. Discussion
      • 18.1.4. See Also
    • 18.2. Being an FTP Client
      • 18.2.1. Problem
      • 18.2.2. Solution
      • 18.2.3. Discussion
      • 18.2.4. See Also
    • 18.3. Sending Mail
      • 18.3.1. Problem
      • 18.3.2. Solution
      • 18.3.3. Discussion
      • 18.3.4. See Also
    • 18.4. Reading and Posting Usenet News Messages
      • 18.4.1. Problem
      • 18.4.2. Solution
      • 18.4.3. Discussion
      • 18.4.4. See Also
    • 18.5. Reading Mail with POP3
      • 18.5.1. Problem
      • 18.5.2. Solution
      • 18.5.3. Discussion
      • 18.5.4. See Also
    • 18.6. Simulating Telnet from a Program
      • 18.6.1. Problem
      • 18.6.2. Solution
      • 18.6.3. Discussion
      • 18.6.4. See Also
    • 18.7. Pinging a Machine
      • 18.7.1. Problem
      • 18.7.2. Solution
      • 18.7.3. Discussion
      • 18.7.4. See Also
    • 18.8. Accessing an LDAP Server
      • 18.8.1. Problem
      • 18.8.2. Solution
      • 18.8.3. Discussion
      • 18.8.4. See Also
    • 18.9. Sending Attachments in Mail
      • 18.9.1. Problem
      • 18.9.2. Solution
      • 18.9.3. Discussion
      • 18.9.4. See Also
    • 18.10. Extracting Attachments from Mail
      • 18.10.1. Problem
      • 18.10.2. Solution
      • 18.10.3. Discussion
      • 18.10.4. See Also
    • 18.11. Writing an XML-RPC Server
      • 18.11.1. Problem
      • 18.11.2. Solution
      • 18.11.3. Discussion
      • 18.11.4. See Also
    • 18.12. Writing an XML-RPC Client
      • 18.12.1. Problem
      • 18.12.2. Solution
      • 18.12.3. Discussion
      • 18.12.4. See Also
    • 18.13. Writing a SOAP Server
      • 18.13.1. Problem
      • 18.13.2. Solution
      • 18.13.3. Discussion
      • 18.13.4. See Also
    • 18.14. Writing a SOAP Client
      • 18.14.1. Problem
      • 18.14.2. Solution
      • 18.14.3. Discussion
      • 18.14.4. See Also
    • 18.15. Program: rfrm
    • 18.16. Program: expn and vrfy
  • 19. CGI Programming
    • Introduction
      • Architecture
      • Behind the Scenes
      • Security
      • HTML and Forms
      • Web-Related Resources
    • 19.1. Writing a CGI Script
      • 19.1.1. Problem
      • 19.1.2. Solution
      • 19.1.3. Discussion
      • 19.1.4. See Also
    • 19.2. Redirecting Error Messages
      • 19.2.1. Problem
      • 19.2.2. Solution
      • 19.2.3. Discussion
      • 19.2.4. See Also
    • 19.3. Fixing a 500 Server Error
      • 19.3.1. Problem
      • 19.3.2. Solution
      • 19.3.3. Discussion
        • 19.3.3.1. Make sure the web server can run the script
        • 19.3.3.2. Make sure the script has permissions to do what it's trying to do
        • 19.3.3.3. Is the script valid Perl?
        • 19.3.3.4. Is the script upholding its end of the CGI protocol?
        • 19.3.3.5. Asking for help elsewhere
      • 19.3.4. See Also
    • 19.4. Writing a Safe CGI Program
      • 19.4.1. Problem
      • 19.4.2. Solution
      • 19.4.3. Discussion
      • 19.4.4. See Also
    • 19.5. Executing Commands Without Shell Escapes
      • 19.5.1. Problem
      • 19.5.2. Solution
      • 19.5.3. Discussion
      • 19.5.4. See Also
    • 19.6. Formatting Lists and Tables with HTML Shortcuts
      • 19.6.1. Problem
      • 19.6.2. Solution
      • 19.6.3. Discussion
      • 19.6.4. See Also
    • 19.7. Redirecting to a Different Location
      • 19.7.1. Problem
      • 19.7.2. Solution
      • 19.7.3. Discussion
      • 19.7.4. See Also
    • 19.8. Debugging the Raw HTTP Exchange
      • 19.8.1. Problem
      • 19.8.2. Solution
      • 19.8.3. Discussion
      • 19.8.4. See Also
    • 19.9. Managing Cookies
      • 19.9.1. Problem
      • 19.9.2. Solution
      • 19.9.3. Discussion
      • 19.9.4. See Also
    • 19.10. Creating Sticky Widgets
      • 19.10.1. Problem
      • 19.10.2. Solution
      • 19.10.3. Discussion
      • 19.10.4. See Also
    • 19.11. Writing a Multiscreen CGI Script
      • 19.11.1. Problem
      • 19.11.2. Solution
      • 19.11.3. Discussion
      • 19.11.4. See Also
    • 19.12. Saving a Form to a File or Mail Pipe
      • 19.12.1. Problem
      • 19.12.2. Solution
      • 19.12.3. Discussion
      • 19.12.4. See Also
    • 19.13. Program: chemiserie
  • 20. Web Automation
    • Introduction
    • 20.1. Fetching a URL from a Perl Script
      • 20.1.1. Problem
      • 20.1.2. Solution
      • 20.1.3. Discussion
      • 20.1.4. See Also
    • 20.2. Automating Form Submission
      • 20.2.1. Problem
      • 20.2.2. Solution
      • 20.2.3. Discussion
      • 20.2.4. See Also
    • 20.3. Extracting URLs
      • 20.3.1. Problem
      • 20.3.2. Solution
      • 20.3.3. Discussion
      • 20.3.4. See Also
    • 20.4. Converting ASCII to HTML
      • 20.4.1. Problem
      • 20.4.2. Solution
      • 20.4.3. Discussion
      • 20.4.4. See Also
    • 20.5. Converting HTML to ASCII
      • 20.5.1. Problem
      • 20.5.2. Solution
      • 20.5.3. Discussion
      • 20.5.4. See Also
    • 20.6. Extracting or Removing HTML Tags
      • 20.6.1. Problem
      • 20.6.2. Solution
      • 20.6.3. Discussion
      • 20.6.4. See Also
    • 20.7. Finding Stale Links
      • 20.7.1. Problem
      • 20.7.2. Solution
      • 20.7.3. Discussion
      • 20.7.4. See Also
    • 20.8. Finding Fresh Links
      • 20.8.1. Problem
      • 20.8.2. Solution
      • 20.8.3. Discussion
      • 20.8.4. See Also
    • 20.9. Using Templates to Generate HTML
      • 20.9.1. Problem
      • 20.9.2. Solution
      • 20.9.3. Discussion
      • 20.9.4. See Also
    • 20.10. Mirroring Web Pages
      • 20.10.1. Problem
      • 20.10.2. Solution
      • 20.10.3. Discussion
      • 20.10.4. See Also
    • 20.11. Creating a Robot
      • 20.11.1. Problem
      • 20.11.2. Solution
      • 20.11.3. Discussion
      • 20.11.4. See Also
    • 20.12. Parsing a Web Server Log File
      • 20.12.1. Problem
      • 20.12.2. Solution
      • 20.12.3. Discussion
      • 20.12.4. See Also
    • 20.13. Processing Server Logs
      • 20.13.1. Problem
      • 20.13.2. Solution
      • 20.13.3. Discussion
      • 20.13.4. See Also
    • 20.14. Using Cookies
      • 20.14.1. Problem
      • 20.14.2. Solution
      • 20.14.3. Discussion
      • 20.14.4. See Also
    • 20.15. Fetching Password-Protected Pages
      • 20.15.1. Problem
      • 20.15.2. Solution
      • 20.15.3. Discussion
      • 20.15.4. See Also
    • 20.16. Fetching https:// Web Pages
      • 20.16.1. Problem
      • 20.16.2. Solution
      • 20.16.3. Discussion
      • 20.16.4. See Also
    • 20.17. Resuming an HTTP GET
      • 20.17.1. Problem
      • 20.17.2. Solution
      • 20.17.3. Discussion
      • 20.17.4. See Also
    • 20.18. Parsing HTML
      • 20.18.1. Problem
      • 20.18.2. Solution
      • 20.18.3. Discussion
      • 20.18.4. See Also
    • 20.19. Extracting Table Data
      • 20.19.1. Problem
      • 20.19.2. Solution
      • 20.19.3. Discussion
      • 20.19.4. See Also
    • 20.20. Program: htmlsub
    • 20.21. Program: hrefsub
  • 21. mod_perl
    • Introduction
      • Handlers
      • Apache Phases
      • More Documentation
      • mod_perl 2
    • 21.1. Authenticating
      • 21.1.1. Problem
      • 21.1.2. Solution
      • 21.1.3. Description
      • 21.1.4. See Also
    • 21.2. Setting Cookies
      • 21.2.1. Problem
      • 21.2.2. Solution
      • 21.2.3. Description
      • 21.2.4. See Also
    • 21.3. Accessing Cookie Values
      • 21.3.1. Problem
      • 21.3.2. Solution
      • 21.3.3. Discussion
      • 21.3.4. See Also
    • 21.4. Redirecting the Browser
      • 21.4.1. Problem
      • 21.4.2. Solution
      • 21.4.3. Discussion
      • 21.4.4. See Also
    • 21.5. Interrogating Headers
      • 21.5.1. Problem
      • 21.5.2. Solution
      • 21.5.3. Discussion
      • 21.5.4. See Also
    • 21.6. Accessing Form Parameters
      • 21.6.1. Problem
      • 21.6.2. Solution
      • 21.6.3. Discussion
      • 21.6.4. See Also
    • 21.7. Receiving Uploaded Files
      • 21.7.1. Problem
      • 21.7.2. Solution
      • 21.7.3. Discussion
      • 21.7.4. See Also
    • 21.8. Speeding Up Database Access
      • 21.8.1. Problem
      • 21.8.2. Solution
      • 21.8.3. Discussion
      • 21.8.4. See Also
    • 21.9. Customizing Apache's Logging
      • 21.9.1. Problem
      • 21.9.2. Solution
      • 21.9.3. Discussion
      • 21.9.4. See Also
    • 21.10. Transparently Storing Information in URLs
      • 21.10.1. Problem
      • 21.10.2. Solution
      • 21.10.3. Discussion
      • 21.10.4. See Also
    • 21.11. Communicating Between mod_perl and PHP
      • 21.11.1. Problem
      • 21.11.2. Solution
      • 21.11.3. Discussion
      • 21.11.4. See Also
    • 21.12. Migrating from CGI to mod_perl
      • 21.12.1. Problem
      • 21.12.2. Solution
      • 21.12.3. Discussion
      • 21.12.4. See Also
    • 21.13. Sharing Information Between Handlers
      • 21.13.1. Problem
      • 21.13.2. Solution
      • 21.13.3. Discussion
      • 21.13.4. See Also
    • 21.14. Reloading Changed Modules
      • 21.14.1. Problem
      • 21.14.2. Solution
      • 21.14.3. Discussion
      • 21.14.4. See Also
    • 21.15. Benchmarking a mod_perl Application
      • 21.15.1. Problem
      • 21.15.2. Solution
      • 21.15.3. Discussion
      • 21.15.4. See Also
    • 21.16. Templating with HTML::Mason
      • 21.16.1. Problem
      • 21.16.2. Solution
      • 21.16.3. Discussion
        • 21.16.3.1. Configuration
        • 21.16.3.2. Basic Mason syntax
        • 21.16.3.3. Objects
        • 21.16.3.4. Autohandlers
        • 21.16.3.5. Dhandlers
      • 21.16.4. See Also
    • 21.17. Templating with Template Toolkit
      • 21.17.1. Problem
      • 21.17.2. Solution
      • 21.17.3. Discussion
        • 21.17.3.1. Configuration
        • 21.17.3.2. Syntax
        • 21.17.3.3. Perl code
        • 21.17.3.4. Data structures
        • 21.17.3.5. Subroutines
        • 21.17.3.6. Including other templates
        • 21.17.3.7. Parameters
        • 21.17.3.8. Plug-ins
      • 21.17.4. See Also
  • 22. XML
    • Introduction
      • Syntax
      • XML Declaration
      • Processing Instructions
      • Comments
      • CDATA
      • Well-Formed XML
      • Schemas
      • Namespaces
      • Transformations
      • Paths
      • History of Perl and XML
      • Further Reading
    • 22.1. Parsing XML into Data Structures
      • 22.1.1. Problem
      • 22.1.2. Solution
      • 22.1.3. Discussion
      • 22.1.4. See Also
    • 22.2. Parsing XML into a DOM Tree
      • 22.2.1. Problem
      • 22.2.2. Solution
      • 22.2.3. Discussion
      • 22.2.4. See Also
    • 22.3. Parsing XML into SAX Events
      • 22.3.1. Problem
      • 22.3.2. Solution
      • 22.3.3. Discussion
      • 22.3.4. See Also
    • 22.4. Making Simple Changes to Elements or Text
      • 22.4.1. Problem
      • 22.4.2. Solution
      • 22.4.3. Discussion
      • 22.4.4. See Also
    • 22.5. Validating XML
      • 22.5.1. Problem
      • 22.5.2. Solution
      • 22.5.3. Discussion
      • 22.5.4. See Also
    • 22.6. Finding Elements and Text Within an XML Document
      • 22.6.1. Problem
      • 22.6.2. Solution
      • 22.6.3. Discussion
      • 22.6.4. See Also
    • 22.7. Processing XML Stylesheet Transformations
      • 22.7.1. Problem
      • 22.7.2. Solution
      • 22.7.3. Discussion
      • 22.7.4. See Also
    • 22.8. Processing Files Larger Than Available Memory
      • 22.8.1. Problem
      • 22.8.2. Solution
      • 22.8.3. Discussion
      • 22.8.4. See Also
    • 22.9. Reading and Writing RSS Files
      • 22.9.1. Problem
      • 22.9.2. Solution
      • 22.9.3. Discussion
      • 22.9.4. See Also
    • 22.10. Writing XML
      • 22.10.1. Problem
      • 22.10.2. Solution
      • 22.10.3. Discussion
      • 22.10.4. See Also
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