Intellectual Property and Open Source. A Practical Guide to Protecting Code

Spis treści książki

• Intellectual Property and Open Source
• Preface
  • What This Book Is...and Is Not
  • How to Read This Book
    • This Book As a Story
    • This Book As a Reference
    • A Note About Terminology
  • The Rest of This Book
    • An Introduction to IP Law
    • An Intellectual Property Handbook for Developers
  • Appendixes
  • Safari Books Online
  • Acknowledgments and Disclaimers
• 1. The Economic and Legal Foundations of Intellectual Property
  • Law and Code
  • The Types of Intellectual Property
    • Patents
    • Copyrights
    • Trademarks
    • Trade Secrets
    • The Intellectual Property System
  • Intellectual Property and Market Failure
    • The Cost of Creating Knowledge
    • The Value of Secrets
    • The Nature of Information
    • Its All Good(s), or Information in Economic Theory
      • Rivalrous goods
      • Excludable goods
      • The four types of goods
        • Private goods
        • Club goods
        • Common-pool goods
        • Public goods
    • Information As a Public Good
    • Changing the Nature of Information
      • Algorithms for creating knowledge
      • Making public goods private
      • The bargain
      • The purpose of intellectual property in economic terms
    • About Property
      • Property as a legal concept
      • Property as a bundle of rights
      • Property rights and enforcement
  • Evaluating the System
• 2. The Patent Document
  • The Construction of a Patent
  • The Face of the Patent
    • The Patent Number
    • Inventors and Inventorship
      • The listing of inventors
      • Inventorship: becoming an inventor
  • Conception of the Invention
    • Reduction to practice
    • Practical considerations in inventorship
    • Ownership of a Patent
      • Selling a patent
      • Licensing a patent
      • Destroying a patent
      • Inventions as a public good
    • Patents and Dates
      • The issue date
      • The application date
      • The priority date
      • The patent term
      • Exceptions to the rule
    • Other Information on the Face of the Patent
      • The historical outline
    • The Synopsis of the Patent
      • The title
      • The abstract
      • The representative figure
  • The Body of the Patent
    • The Drawing Sheets
    • The Written Description
      • The technical field
      • The background and summary of the invention
      • The description of the figures
  • The Claims
    • Structure of a Patent Claim
      • The preamble
      • The transitional phrase
      • The limitations
      • An optional effects clause
    • Independent and Dependent Claims
  • Other Resources
• 3. The Patent System
  • The Patent System As a Knowledge Cache
  • Requirements for Getting a Patent
    • Section 101: Subject Matter and Utility
      • Statutory subject matter
      • Utility
    • Section 102: Novelty
      • Prior art
      • Element-by-element comparison
    • Section 103: Obviousness
    • Section 112: Enablement
  • Getting a Patent
    • A Typical Corporate Patent Process
      • Disclosure
      • Evaluation
      • Application
      • Detail
      • Abstraction
      • Prosecution
    • Filing As an Inventor
      • Problem 1: Syntax
      • Problem 2: Idioms
  • Patent Proliferation
    • The Patent As a Property Right
      • The right to exclude
      • The right to injunctive relief
      • Mutually assured destruction
      • Patent cross-licensing
• 4. Copyright
  • Copyright in Context
    • Expression
      • Expression and personality
      • Expression and society
      • Expression and communication
      • The problem of control
      • The state of copyright
    • The Power of Defaults
    • Defaults in the Application of Copyright
      • Copyright as the default state
      • Defaults and complexity
    • Defaults in the Applicability of Copyright
      • Defaults in the scope of works eligible for copyright
    • Copying and the History of Copyright
      • Copying (the verb) and copyright
      • The Copyright Act of 1909
      • Copying and software
  • The Terms of Copyright
    • Defining Expression
    • Ideas and Expressions
      • Judging technical expression
      • Judging personal expression
      • Ideas, expressions, and Turing machines
      • The merger doctrine
      • Scenes faire
      • Mostly functional expression
    • Fixation
    • Originality
      • Original copies
      • Minimal originality
      • Compilations
      • Copyright protection of forms and databases
  • The Copyright Term
  • Owning a Copyright
    • Unpublished Works
    • Joint Authorship
    • Works for Hire
      • Implied licenses and ownership of works for hire
    • Copyright Formalities
  • The Rights Granted by Copyright
    • Reproducing a Work
    • Preparing Derivative Works
      • Originality and derivative works
    • Distributing a Work
      • The first sale doctrine
    • Performance or Display of a Work
    • Fair Use
    • A Rule of Thumb
      • ...and a bit about legal interpretation
• 5. Trademarks
  • Trademarks Defined
    • Trademarks As Pointers
    • Trademarks As Distinguishing Identifiers
    • Trademarks As Objects of Focus
    • Trademarks Build Associations with Their Targets
  • The Economic Function of Trademarks
    • Trademarks As Advertising
    • Trademarks As Information Shortcuts
      • Producer benefits of trademarks
      • Customer benefits of trademarks
  • Modern Trademark Law in the United States
    • Talking About Trademarks
    • Establishing Trademark Status
      • A trademark is born
      • The limits of trademark protection
      • Registration: Making the trademark formal
    • Distinctiveness: The Essential Quality of a Trademark
      • Generic marks
      • Descriptive marks
      • Suggestive marks
      • Arbitrary and fanciful marks
    • Defending a Trademark
• 6. Trade Secrets
  • Trade Secrets Defined
  • The Flaming Moe: The Life and Death of a Trade Secret
    • Creating a Trade Secret
    • Trade Secrets Versus Copyrights and Patents
    • The Elements of Trade Secret Protection
      • Secrecy
      • Valuable
      • Derives value from being secret
    • Keeping a Trade Secret
      • Reasonable efforts
    • Trade Secret Misappropriation
      • Improper means
      • Breach of a confidential relationship
      • The doctrine of inevitable disclosure
      • General knowledge versus trade secrets
    • Destroying a Trade Secret
      • Reverse engineering
      • Disclosure
  • Trade Secrets and Software Development
    • The Reemergence of Trade Secrets
    • Trade Secrets and Open Source
  • Trade Secrets, Businesses, and Consultants
• 7. Contracts and Licenses
  • Licenses and Firewalls
  • Why Contracts and Licenses Matter
    • Scopes and Roles of Contracts and Licenses
    • Contracts As Private Law
  • Contract Law Principles
    • The Purpose of Contracts
    • Contracting Parties
    • Making an Agreement
      • Offer
      • Acceptance
      • Mutual assent
      • Consideration
      • Consideration for modifying contracts
      • Communication
      • Oral versus written contracts
    • Interpreting Contracts
      • Merger and integration clause
      • Choice of law clause
      • Term and time of performance
      • Severability clause
    • Breach of Contract and Remedies
      • The necessity of performance
      • Good faith
      • Damages and specific performance
  • Intellectual Property Contracts
    • Assignments and Licenses
    • Making an IP Contract a License
      • Grant of the license
      • Limitations on the scope of use
      • Reservation of rights
    • Specific Limitations on Scope
  • Applying a License to Intellectual Property
    • Open Source Licenses
• 8. The Economic and Legal Foundations of Open Source Software
  • A Brief Digression into Terminology
  • Understanding Open Source
  • Credit Unions and Open Source: An Analogy
    • Ownership
      • Ownership and software development
    • Involvement
      • Involvement in software development
    • Profits, Rates, and Fees
      • The profit motive in software development
    • The Customer Relationship
      • Proprietary software and customer care
      • Cooperative organizations and customers
    • Market Profile
      • Market profiles for banks and credit unions
      • The differenceownership
      • Market profiles and software development
      • The market for open source software
      • Firefox: A case study in commodity open source software
      • Linux: A case study in specialty-oriented open source software
      • Moving software from a specialty to a commodity product
      • Ownership, again
  • The Role of Open Source Licenses
    • Software Markets and Game Theory
      • Zero-sum games
      • Non-zero-sum games
      • The Prisoners Dilemma
      • The problem of suboptimization
      • The role of licenses
  • The Open Source Definition
  • Different Types of Open Source Licenses
    • Academic Licenses and Instability
    • Choosing a Strategy for Open Source
• 9. So I Have an Idea...
  • Cautionary Tales
    • DSC Communications Corp. v. Evan Brown
    • DDB Tech v. MLB Advanced Media
    • Medsphere v. Shreeve
  • Employees and Inventions
  • Look At What You Sign
    • Proprietary Information Agreements
    • Consideration
    • Defining Proprietary Information
    • Assignment
      • Present assignment and future assignment
      • Cooperation with the company
    • Restrictions on PIAs
  • The Employer-Employee Relationship
    • Works for Hire
      • Becoming an employee
      • The scope of employment
      • Independent contractors
      • Statutory categories
      • Written agreement
      • Applying the rules
      • Trademarks and other forms of non-patent IP
    • PatentsBeing Hired to Invent
      • Prior inventions
      • Invention declarations
      • Later inventions
    • Fiduciary Duties
  • Tell the Company
    • Communication and the PIA
    • Communication Gone Wrong
  • What Do You Do?
    • First, Read What You Sign
    • Tell Your Employer About Your Project
    • Tell Your Employer About Your Project Early
    • Tell Your Employer About Your Open Source Projects
    • Finally, Tell Your Employer in Writing
• 10. Choosing a License
  • Why Do I Need a License?
    • Licenses and Communities
  • No License Required
    • Public Domain Dedications
    • Moral Rights
  • Proprietary Commercial Licensing
  • Open Source Licensing
    • Academic Licenses
    • Permissive Licenses
    • Partially Closable Licenses
    • Reciprocal Licenses
    • License Compatibility
  • Why You Should Not Write Your Own License
    • You Limit Your Community
    • Your Code Will Not be Open Source (or Free Software)
    • You Will Probably Get it Wrong
      • The Artistic License and JMRI
  • Choosing an Open Source License
    • Joining an Existing Community
    • Licensing Your Own Work
      • Recommended licenses
      • The BSD License
      • The Apache License v2.0 (Apache)
      • The Mozilla Public License (MPL)
      • The Lesser/Library GPL (LGPL)
      • The GNU GPL
      • The GPL version 3 (GPLv3)
      • The Open Software License (OSL)
• 11. Accepting Patches and Contributions
  • Back to (Copyright) Basics
    • Rules for Works
      • Patch length
      • Patch context
      • Code ideas
    • Owner of a Lonely Patch
      • The open source amalgam
  • Three Solutions
    • Open Source Licensed Contributions
    • Contributor License Agreements
    • Corporate Contributor License Agreements
    • Copyright Assignment Forms
      • Unified legal control
      • Simplified relicensing
      • Commercial licensing
  • Administrative Issues
    • Keep Track of Contributors
    • Require Agreements Before Giving Commit Privileges
    • Make Sure Agreements Are Signed
• 12. Working with the GPL
  • Daily Life with the GPL
    • The Usual Suspects
      • Distributing GPL-licensed code
      • Avoiding GPL-licensed code
      • Running GPL-licensed code
      • Distributions of independent programs
    • Persistent Questions
  • Understanding the Terms of the Debate
    • Derivative Works
    • Collective Works
    • Functional Language
  • Linking and Licensing
  • Copyright Confusion
    • From the FAQ
    • The Darth Vader Scale of Derivative Works
  • Thinking About Derivative Works
    • Header Files
    • Other Types of Linking
    • Functional and Expressive Language
  • Questions and Answers
    • Norms and Law
• 13. Reverse Engineering
  • Storming the Castle
    • IBM and the PC BIOS
      • Poisoning the well
    • Atari v. Nintendo
      • Fair and unfair use
    • Sega v. Accolade
      • Clean room procedures
    • Cadence v. Avant!
    • NEC v. Intel
      • Minor changes and thin copyrights
      • Bug compatibility
      • Recordkeeping and overall similarity
  • A Sample Reverse Engineering Procedure
    • Legal Definition
      • White box and black box reverse engineering
    • Methodology
    • Step 1: Creating Teams
    • Step 2: Creating a Specification
      • Using public documentation
      • Decompiling software
      • Keeping the specification clean
    • Step 3: Reviewing the Specification
    • Step 4: Developing New Code
    • Step 5: Testing the New Software
    • Step 6: Evaluating the New Software
    • Test-Driven Development
  • The Digital Millennium Copyright Act
    • The DMCA and Digital Rights Management
    • The DMCA and Reverse Engineering
• 14. Incorporating As a Non-Profit
  • Why Incorporate Your Project?
    • Accepting Corporate Help
    • Holding Intellectual Property
    • Legal Protection
    • Project Continuity and Transfer of Ownership
  • Creating a Non-Profit Entity
    • Choosing a State
      • About Delaware
    • Formation Documents
      • Articles of incorporation
      • Bylaws
    • Tax-Exempt Status
    • Getting Registered
  • Operating a Non-Profit Organization
    • Doing Your Best
    • Holding Meetings
    • Keeping Notes
      • Minutes
      • Financial records
    • Receiving Money
      • The public support test
      • Related and unrelated income
      • Commingling funds
    • Spending Money
      • Lobbying prohibited
      • Excess benefits
    • Providing Reports
  • Umbrella Organizations As an Alternative
• A. Sample Proprietary Information Agreement (PIA)
  • Proprietary Information and Inventions Assignment Agreement
• B. Open Source License List
  • Open Source Licenses
    • Licenses That Are Popular and Widely Used or with Strong Communities
    • Special Purpose Licenses
    • Other/Miscellaneous Licenses
    • Licenses That Are Redundant with More Popular Licenses
    • Non-reusable Licenses
    • Superseded Licenses
    • Licenses That Have Been Voluntarily Retired
    • Uncategorized Licenses
• C. Free Software License List
  • Free Software Licenses
    • The GPL-Compatible Free Software Licenses
    • GPL-Incompatible Free Software Licenses
• D. Fedora License List and GPL Compatibility
  • Licenses Approved for Use with Fedora
  • GPL Compatibility Matrix
• E. Public Domain Declaration
• F. The Simplified BSD License
  • The BSD License
• G. The Apache License, Version 2.0
• H. The Mozilla Public License, Version 1.1
  • 1. Definitions
  • 2. Source Code License
    • 2.1. The Initial Developer Grant
    • 2.2. Contributor Grant
  • 3. Distribution Obligations
    • 3.1. Application of License
    • 3.2. Availability of Source Code
    • 3.3. Description of Modifications
    • 3.4. Intellectual Property Matters
    • 3.5. Required Notices
    • 3.6. Distribution of Executable Versions
    • 3.7. Larger Works
  • 4. Inability to Comply Due to Statute or Regulation
  • 5. Application of this License
  • 6. Versions of the License
    • 6.1. New Versions
    • 6.2. Effect of New Versions
    • 6.3. Derivative Works
  • 7. DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY
  • 8. Termination
  • 9. LIMITATION OF LIABILITY
  • 10. U.S. Government End Users
  • 11. MISCELLANEOUS
  • 12. Responsibility for Claims
  • 13. Multiple-Licensed Code
  • Applying the Mozilla Public License
• I. The GNU Lesser General Public License, Version 2.1
  • The GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL), Version 2.1
    • Preamble
    • TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
    • NO WARRANTY
    • How to Apply These Terms to Your New Libraries
• J. The GNU Lesser General Public License, Version 3
  • The GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL), Version 3
    • 0. Additional Definitions
    • 1. Exception to Section 3 of the GNU GPL
    • 2. Conveying Modified Versions
    • 3. Object Code Incorporating Material from Library Header Files
    • 4. Combined Works
    • 5. Combined Libraries
    • 6. Revised Versions of the GNU Lesser General Public License
• K. The GNU General Public License, Version 2, June 1991
  • The GNU General Public License (GPL), Version 2
    • Preamble
    • TERMS AND CONDITIONS
    • NO WARRANTY
    • How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
• L. The GNU General Public License, Version 3, June 2007
  • The GNU General Public License (GPL), Version 3
    • Preamble
    • TERMS AND CONDITIONS
    • How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
• M. The Open Software License, Version 3.0
  • The Open Software License (OSL), Version 3.0
• Index
• Colophon
• Copyright

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