Designing Across Senses. A Multimodal Approach to Product Design Christine W. Park, John Alderman

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• Praise for Designing Across Senses
• [Preface]
  • What Is This Book About?
  • Who Should Read This Book
    • How This Book Is Organized
      • Part I: New Human Factors
      • Part II: Multimodal Design
  • Why Write a Book About Multimodal Design
  • Acknowledgments
• 1. Returning to Our Senses
  • If a Tree Falls in the Forest
  • The Sound of Violence
  • Experience Is Physical
  • People Have Modalities
  • Devices Have Modes
  • Human Modalities + Device Modes = Interfaces
  • Physical Information: The New Data
  • Sensing, Understanding, Deciding, and Acting: The New Human Factors
    • Sensing
    • Understanding and Deciding
    • Acting
  • Focus: The New Engagement
  • Multimodality Makes a Wider Range of Human and Product Behaviors Possible
  • How Multimodality Affects Design
    • Creating Usability
    • Creating Delight, Trust, and Love
  • Multimodal Design Is Cross-Disciplinary
  • Summary
• 2. The Structure of Multimodal Experiences
  • The Human Slice of Reality: Umwelt and Sensibility
  • Assembling Multimodal Experiences: Schemas and Models
  • The Building Blocks of Multimodal Experience
  • Summary
• 3. Sensing
  • The Three Main Categories of Stimuli
    • Electromagnetic
    • Chemical
    • Mechanical
  • Defining the Senses: Dimension, Resolution, and Range
  • Sensory Focus: Selecting, Filtering, and Prioritizing Information
  • Reflexes
  • Our Senses and Their Unique Properties
  • Vision
    • Visual Interfaces
  • Hearing
  • Auditory Interfaces
  • Touch (Somatosensory or Tactile Abilities)
    • Haptic Interfaces (Tactile, Proprioceptive, and Vestibular)
  • Smell (Olfactory Ability)
    • Olfactory Interfaces
  • Taste (Gustatory Ability)
    • Gustatory Interfaces
  • Sixth Senses and More
    • Time and Rhythm
    • Proprioception and the Vestibular System
  • Summary
• 4. Understanding and Deciding
  • The Foundations of Understanding: Recognition, Knowledge, Skills, and Narratives
  • Aware and Non-Aware: Fast and Slow Thinking
  • Agency: Balancing Self-Control and Problem Solving
  • Motivation, Delight, Learning, and Reward: Creating Happiness
  • Summary
• 5. Acting
  • About Anthropometrics
    • The Origin of Anthropometrics
  • Task Performance
  • Nonverbal Communication
  • Precision Versus Strength
  • Inferring Versus Designating Intent
  • Summary
• 6. Modalities and Multimodalities
  • Modalities: How We Use Our Senses
    • Types of Modalities
  • We Shape Our Modalities, and They Shape Us
  • Attributes and Abilities of Modalities
  • Applying Modalities to Design
  • Multimodalities
  • Trusted Version and Performance Optimization
    • Validation
    • Integration
    • A Single Prioritized Sense or Many Together?
      • Across one main sense
      • Across multiple senses
    • How Multimodality Shapes Our Activities and Experiences
  • Attributes and Abilities of Multimodalities
    • Focus
    • Flow
    • Sequence
    • Simultaneity
    • Shift
    • Transition
    • Substitution
    • Translation
    • Proficiency
  • Common Categories of Multimodalities
    • Basic abilities
    • Orientation and scanning
    • Handeye coordination (visuo-haptic integration)
    • Social interaction
    • Performance and athletics
    • Cognition and analysis
  • Applying Multimodality to Design
    • Maintaining Focus
    • Respecting Cognitive Load
    • Overcoming Barriers with Substitutions and Translations
    • Shifts, Interruptions, and Flow
      • Maintaining focus
        • Reinforce
        • Pace
        • Block
      • Dealing with interruptions
        • Safety exits
        • Ease of re-entry
        • Off-switch
      • Allowing shifts
        • Social or ecosystem norms
        • Priming
    • Feedback and Validation
    • Body language and physical engagement
  • Summary
• 7. The Opportunity: Transforming Existing Products and Developing New Ones
  • Key Applications of IoT: Monitor, Analyze and Decide, Control and Respond
    • Functional Categories
    • Monitor
    • Analyze and Decide
    • Control and Respond
  • Disruptive Technologies
    • Removing SoundAnd Putting It Back
    • Mapping Apps Know Who Is in the Drivers Seat
  • Beginning Inquiry
    • Workflow to Identify Opportunities
      • Assessing user needs
      • Assessing user context
      • Assessing changes to existing product modes
  • Summary
• 8. The Elements of Multimodal Design
  • Using Physical Information
  • Constructing Knowledge, Interactions, and Narratives
  • Summary
• 9. Modeling Modalities and Mapping User Experiences
  • Behaviors Shared Between Users and Devices
  • Demanding Contexts and Complex Interactions Call for Alignment
  • Experience Maps and Models for Multimodality
    • Different Maps Cover Different Scopes and Details
  • Key Considerations of Multimodal Design
    • Modalities and Senses
    • Focus
    • Level of Focus and Engagement Depth
    • Continuity
    • Sequence
    • Shifts
    • Flow and Habits
    • Interruptions
    • Substitutions
    • Specialized Integration
    • Knowledge and Skill
    • Key Contexts in Multimodal Experiences
      • Physical and environmental context
      • Social and institutional context
      • Device and information context
  • Example Maps and Models
    • Experience Map: Transitional Flow
    • Ecosystem Map
    • Context Map
    • Focus Model
    • Storyboards and Keyframing
      • Orienter
      • Establisher
      • Initial
      • Prolongation
      • Peak
      • Release
    • Update as Needed
  • Summary
• 10. Form Factors and Configurations
  • Creating Multimodal Properties
  • Configuring Interface Modes
  • Mapping Modal Behaviors to Modal Technologies
    • Vision Dominant Activities
    • Immersive Activities: Screen-Based Experiences and VR
    • Augmented or Auxiliary Activities: Visual Indicators for Peripheral Information
    • Augmented Reality Versus Augmented Products: Visual Arrays of Control and Choice
    • Automated Visual Capabilities
    • Creating Focal Experiences with Audio and Speech
    • Personal Sound Experiences
    • Social Experiences: Broadcast
    • Conversation Experiences: Speech
    • Creating Haptic Experiences
  • Summary
• 11. Ecosystems
  • Device Ecosystems
  • Information Ecosystems
  • Physical Ecosystems
  • Social Ecosystems
  • Specialized Ecosystems
  • Cloud Architectures: Distributing Resources Through Connectivity
  • Ecosystem and Architecture: Applying Ecosystem Resources to Multimodal Design
  • Sensing Experiences: Answering the DoorA Doorbell, Ring, and the August Lock
  • Understanding and Deciding Experiences: Determining Distancea Pedometer, Apple Watch, and Lyft App
  • Acting Experiences: Writing and DrawingA Pencil, a Tablet, and the Apple Pencil
  • Summary
• 12. Specifying Modalities: States, Flows, Systems, and Prototypes
  • Introduction: A Prototype Is a Custom Measuring Tool
  • Practice Makes Perfect
  • The Media of Multimodal Products: Information and Interactions, Understandings and Behaviors
  • The Product Development Process for Multimodal Products
  • Defining Design Requirements
    • User Goals, Scenarios and Storyboards, and Use Cases
    • Pseudocode and Swimlane Logic Flows
  • Specifying Multimodalities
    • Synchronous and Asynchronous Modes
    • Parallel and Integrated Modes
    • Input/Output MAP
  • Summary
• 13. Releasing Multimodal Products: Validation and Learning
  • Release Is About Process
  • Alpha Release
    • Organizing alpha
    • Learning from Alpha
  • Beta Release
    • Organizing Beta
    • Learning from Beta
  • Public Release
    • Validation and Feedback
      • Important metrics
      • Feedback methods
  • The Out-of-the-Box Experience
  • Summary
• A. Further Reading
• B. Glossary
• Index

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