Postfix: The Definitive Guide

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• Postfix: The Definitive Guide
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  • Foreword
  • Preface
    • Audience
    • Organization
    • Conventions Used in This Book
    • Comments and Questions
    • Acknowledgments
  • 1. Introduction
    • 1.1. Postfix Origins and Philosophy
    • 1.2. Email and the Internet
      • 1.2.1. Email Components
      • 1.2.2. Major Email Protocols
        • 1.2.2.1. SMTP and email submission
        • 1.2.2.2. POP/IMAP and mailbox access
    • 1.3. The Role of Postfix
    • 1.4. Postfix Security
      • 1.4.1. Modular Design
      • 1.4.2. Shells and Processes
      • 1.4.3. Security by Design
    • 1.5. Additional Information and How to Obtain Postfix
  • 2. Prerequisites
    • 2.1. Unix Topics
      • 2.1.1. Login Names and UID Numbers
      • 2.1.2. Pseudo-Accounts
      • 2.1.3. Standard Input/Standard Output
      • 2.1.4. The Superuser
      • 2.1.5. Command Prompts
      • 2.1.6. Long Lines
      • 2.1.7. ManPages
    • 2.2. Email Topics
      • 2.2.1. RFCs
      • 2.2.2. Email Agents
      • 2.2.3. The Postmaster
      • 2.2.4. Reject or Bounce
      • 2.2.5. Envelope Addresses and Message Headers
      • 2.2.6. Local Parts of Email Addresses
      • 2.2.7. Email Message Format
        • 2.2.7.1. RFC 2822 messages
      • 2.2.8. The SMTP Protocol
  • 3. Postfix Architecture
    • 3.1. Postfix Components
    • 3.2. How Messages Enter the Postfix System
      • 3.2.1. Local Email Submission
      • 3.2.2. Email from the Network
      • 3.2.3. Postfix Email Notifications
      • 3.2.4. Email Forwarding
    • 3.3. The Postfix Queue
    • 3.4. Mail Delivery
      • 3.4.1. Local Delivery
      • 3.4.2. Virtual Alias Messages
      • 3.4.3. Virtual Mailbox Messages
      • 3.4.4. Relay Messages
      • 3.4.5. Other Messages
      • 3.4.6. Other Delivery Agents
        • 3.4.6.1. Delivery via LMTP
        • 3.4.6.2. Pipe delivery
    • 3.5. Tracing a Message Through Postfix
  • 4. General Configuration and Administration
    • 4.1. Starting Postfix the First Time
    • 4.2. Configuration Files
      • 4.2.1. The main.cf Configuration File
        • 4.2.1.1. Line continuation
        • 4.2.1.2. Configuration variables
        • 4.2.1.3. Multiple values
      • 4.2.2. Lookup Tables
        • 4.2.2.1. Lookup table format
        • 4.2.2.2. Database formats
        • 4.2.2.3. Search order
        • 4.2.2.4. Lookup tables and simple lists
        • 4.2.2.5. Regular expression tables
      • 4.2.3. Other Formats
      • 4.2.4. Alias Files
        • 4.2.4.1. Locating aliases
        • 4.2.4.2. Building alias database files
        • 4.2.4.3. Alias file format
        • 4.2.4.4. Alias restrictions
        • 4.2.4.5. Important aliases
    • 4.3. Important Configuration Considerations
      • 4.3.1. Configuring Your MTA Identity
        • 4.3.1.1. myhostname and mydomain
        • 4.3.1.2. myorigin
        • 4.3.1.3. mydestination
      • 4.3.2. Relay Control
        • 4.3.2.1. Restricting relay access
        • 4.3.2.2. SMTP authentication
        • 4.3.2.3. Dynamic IP solutions
        • 4.3.2.4. Certificate authentication
    • 4.4. Administration
      • 4.4.1. Logging
      • 4.4.2. Starting, Stopping, and Reloading Postfix
      • 4.4.3. Running Postfix at System Startup
        • 4.4.3.1. Do it yourself
      • 4.4.4. Queue Management
    • 4.5. master.cf
    • 4.6. Receiving Limits
    • 4.7. Rewriting Addresses
      • 4.7.1. Canonical Addresses
      • 4.7.2. Masquerading Hostnames
      • 4.7.3. Relocated Users
      • 4.7.4. Unknown Users
    • 4.8. chroot
    • 4.9. Documentation
  • 5. Queue Management
    • 5.1. How qmgr Works
      • 5.1.1. Deferred Mail
      • 5.1.2. Queue Scheduling
      • 5.1.3. Message Delivery
      • 5.1.4. Corrupt Messages
      • 5.1.5. Error Notifications
    • 5.2. Queue Tools
      • 5.2.1. Listing the Queue
      • 5.2.2. Deleting Messages
      • 5.2.3. Holding Messages
      • 5.2.4. Requeuing Messages
      • 5.2.5. Displaying Messages
      • 5.2.6. Flushing Messages
  • 6. Email and DNS
    • 6.1. DNS Overview
    • 6.2. Email Routing
    • 6.3. Postfix and DNS
      • 6.3.1. DNS and Sending Mail
        • 6.3.1.1. Configuration options
        • 6.3.1.2. Reverse PTR records
      • 6.3.2. DNS and Receiving Mail
    • 6.4. Common Problems
  • 7. Local Delivery and POP/IMAP
    • 7.1. Postfix Delivery Transports
    • 7.2. Message Store Formats
      • 7.2.1. The Mbox Format
      • 7.2.2. The Maildir Format
      • 7.2.3. Mbox Versus Maildir
    • 7.3. Local Delivery
      • 7.3.1. .forward Files
      • 7.3.2. Alias Deliveries
      • 7.3.3. Mailbox Delivery
    • 7.4. POP and IMAP
      • 7.4.1. POP Versus IMAP
      • 7.4.2. Postfix and POP/IMAP Servers
    • 7.5. Local Mail Transfer Protocol
      • 7.5.1. Postfix and Cyrus IMAP
      • 7.5.2. A Postfix and Cyrus IMAP Example
  • 8. Hosting Multiple Domains
    • 8.1. Shared Domains with System Accounts
    • 8.2. Separate Domains with System Accounts
    • 8.3. Separate Domains with Virtual Accounts
      • 8.3.1. Mailbox File Ownership
      • 8.3.2. Virtual Aliases
      • 8.3.3. Catchall Addresses
        • 8.3.3.1. Virtual mailbox catchall
        • 8.3.3.2. Virtual alias catchall
    • 8.4. Separate Message Store
    • 8.5. Delivery to Commands
      • 8.5.1. Configuring a Virtual Auto-Responder
      • 8.5.2. Configuring a Virtual Mailing List Manager
  • 9. Mail Relaying
    • 9.1. Backup MX
      • 9.1.1. Relay Recipients
      • 9.1.2. Fast Flushing
    • 9.2. Transport Maps
      • 9.2.1. Postponing Mail Delivery
        • 9.2.1.1. Deferring mail relay
        • 9.2.1.2. Deferring delivery
    • 9.3. Inbound Mail Gateway
    • 9.4. Outbound Mail Relay
    • 9.5. UUCP, Fax, and Other Deliveries
  • 10. Mailing Lists
    • 10.1. Simple Mailing Lists
      • 10.1.1. Mailing-List Owners
      • 10.1.2. Separate List Files
      • 10.1.3. Additional Alias Files
      • 10.1.4. Creating a Simple Mailing List
      • 10.1.5. Testing Your List
    • 10.2. Mailing-List Managers
      • 10.2.1. Majordomo
        • 10.2.1.1. Creating a Majordomo list
        • 10.2.1.2. Potential problems
      • 10.2.2. Mailman
        • 10.2.2.1. Creating a Mailman list
  • 11. Blocking Unsolicited Bulk Email
    • 11.1. The Nature of Spam
    • 11.2. The Problem of Spam
    • 11.3. Open Relays
    • 11.4. Spam Detection
      • 11.4.1. Client-Based Spam Detection
        • 11.4.1.1. DNS-based blacklists
      • 11.4.2. Content-Based Spam Detection
      • 11.4.3. Detection Difficulties
    • 11.5. Anti-Spam Actions
    • 11.6. Postfix Configuration
    • 11.7. Client-Detection Rules
      • 11.7.1. The SMTP Conversation (Briefly)
      • 11.7.2. Listing Restrictions
        • 11.7.2.1. How restrictions work
        • 11.7.2.2. Testing new restrictions
        • 11.7.2.3. A simple example
      • 11.7.3. Restriction Definitions
        • 11.7.3.1. Access maps
        • 11.7.3.2. Other client-checking restrictions
        • 11.7.3.3. Strict syntax restrictions
        • 11.7.3.4. DNS restrictions
        • 11.7.3.5. Real-time blacklists
        • 11.7.3.6. Generic restrictions
      • 11.7.4. Tracing a Restriction List
    • 11.8. Strict Syntax Parameters
    • 11.9. Content-Checking
      • 11.9.1. Content Checking Configuration
      • 11.9.2. Content Checking Actions
      • 11.9.3. Comparing Patterns
    • 11.10. Customized Restriction Classes
      • 11.10.1. Sample Restriction Classes
    • 11.11. Postfix Anti-Spam Example
  • 12. SASL Authentication
    • 12.1. SASL Overview
      • 12.1.1. Choosing an Authentication Mechanism
      • 12.1.2. Choosing an Authentication Framework
    • 12.2. Postfix and SASL
    • 12.3. Configuring Postfix for SASL
      • 12.3.1. Specifying a Framework
        • 12.3.1.1. Unix passwords
        • 12.3.1.2. SASL passwords
      • 12.3.2. Configuring Postfix
        • 12.3.2.1. Enabling SASL
        • 12.3.2.2. Preventing sender spoofing
        • 12.3.2.3. Permitting authenticated users
        • 12.3.2.4. Specifying mechanisms
      • 12.3.3. Configuration Summary
    • 12.4. Testing Your Authentication Configuration
    • 12.5. SMTP Client Authentication
      • 12.5.1. Procedure to Enable SMTP Client Authentication
  • 13. Transport Layer Security
    • 13.1. Postfix and TLS
    • 13.2. TLS Certificates
      • 13.2.1. Becoming a CA
      • 13.2.2. Generating Server Certificates
      • 13.2.3. Installing CA Certificates
      • 13.2.4. Postfix/TLS Configuration
      • 13.2.5. Postfix/TLS Configuration Summary
      • 13.2.6. Requiring Client-Side Certificates
        • 13.2.6.1. Creating client certificates
        • 13.2.6.2. Configuring client-side certificate authentication
      • 13.2.7. Configuring TLS/SMTP Client
  • 14. Content Filtering
    • 14.1. Command-Based Filtering
      • 14.1.1. Configuration
    • 14.2. Daemon-Based Filtering
      • 14.2.1. Configuration
        • 14.2.1.1. Creating a pseudoaccount
        • 14.2.1.2. Installing a content filter
        • 14.2.1.3. Configuring additional Postfix components
        • 14.2.1.4. Turning on filtering
      • 14.2.2. Daemon-Based Filter Example
    • 14.3. Other Considerations
  • 15. External Databases
    • 15.1. MySQL
      • 15.1.1. MySQL Configuration
        • 15.1.1.1. MySQL parameters
      • 15.1.2. MySQL Example
        • 15.1.2.1. Configuring local_recipient_maps
        • 15.1.2.2. Configuring alias_maps
        • 15.1.2.3. Configuring virtual domains
    • 15.2. LDAP
      • 15.2.1. LDAP Configuration
      • 15.2.2. LDAP Example
        • 15.2.2.1. Configuring local_recipient_maps
        • 15.2.2.2. Configuring transport_maps
  • A. Configuration Parameters
    • A.1. Postfix Parameter Reference
      • 2bounce_notice_recipient
      • access_map_reject_code
      • alias_maps
      • allow_mail_to_files
      • allow_percent_hack
      • alternate_config_directories
      • append_at_myorigin
      • authorized_verp_clients
      • berkeley_db_read_buffer_size
      • biff
      • body_checks_size_limit
      • bounce_service_name
      • canonical_maps
      • command_directory
      • command_time_limit
      • content_filter
      • daemon_timeout
      • debug_peer_list
      • default_destination_concurrency_limit
      • default_extra_recipient_limit
      • default_process_limit
      • default_recipient_limit
      • default_verp_delimiters
      • defer_service_name
      • delay_notice_recipient
      • deliver_lock_attempts
      • disable_dns_lookups
      • disable_mime_output_conversion
      • disable_vrfy_command
      • double_bounce_sender
      • empty_address_recipient
      • error_service_name
      • export_environment
      • fallback_relay
      • fast_flush_domains
      • fast_flush_refresh_time
      • fork_attempts
      • forward_expansion_filter
      • hash_queue_depth
      • header_address_token_limit
      • header_size_limit
      • home_mailbox
      • ignore_mx_lookup_error
      • in_flow_delay
      • initial_destination_concurrency
      • ipc_idle
      • line_length_limit
      • lmtp_connect_timeout
      • lmtp_data_init_timeout
      • lmtp_lhlo_timeout
      • lmtp_quit_timeout
      • lmtp_rset_timeout
      • lmtp_tcp_port
      • local_destination_concurrency_limit
      • local_recipient_maps
      • luser_relay
      • mail_owner
      • mail_spool_directory
      • mailbox_command
      • mailbox_delivery_lock
      • mailbox_transport
      • manpage_directory
      • masquerade_domains
      • max_idle
      • maximal_backoff_time
      • message_size_limit
      • mime_header_checks
      • minimal_backoff_time
      • mydomain
      • mynetworks
      • myorigin
      • newaliases_path
      • notify_classes
      • parent_domain_matches_subdomains
      • pickup_service_name
      • process_id_directory
      • proxy_interfaces
      • qmgr_clog_warn_time
      • qmgr_message_active_limit
      • qmgr_message_recipient_minimum
      • qmqpd_error_delay
      • queue_directory
      • queue_run_delay
      • rbl_reply_maps
      • recipient_canonical_maps
      • reject_code
      • relay_domains_reject_code
      • relay_transport
      • relocated_maps
      • resolve_dequoted_address
      • sample_directory
      • sendmail_path
      • setgid_group
      • showq_service_name
      • smtp_bind_address
      • smtp_data_done_timeout
      • smtp_data_xfer_timeout
      • smtp_destination_recipient_limit
      • smtp_helo_timeout
      • smtp_mail_timeout
      • smtp_pix_workaround_delay_time
      • smtp_quit_timeout
      • smtp_rcpt_timeout
      • smtp_skip_5xx_greeting
      • smtpd_banner
      • smtpd_data_restrictions
      • smtpd_error_sleep_time
      • smtpd_expansion_filter
      • smtpd_helo_required
      • smtpd_history_flush_threshold
      • smtpd_noop_commands
      • smtpd_recipient_limit
      • smtpd_restriction_classes
      • smtpd_soft_error_limit
      • soft_bounce
      • strict_7bit_headers
      • strict_8bitmime_body
      • strict_rfc821_envelopes
      • swap_bangpath
      • syslog_name
      • transport_retry_time
      • undisclosed_recipients_header
      • unknown_client_reject_code
      • unknown_local_recipient_reject_code
      • unknown_virtual_alias_reject_code
      • verp_delimiter_filter
      • virtual_alias_maps
      • virtual_mailbox_base
      • virtual_mailbox_limit
      • virtual_mailbox_maps
      • virtual_transport
  • B. Postfix Commands
  • C. Compiling and Installing Postfix
    • C.1. Obtaining Postfix
    • C.2. Postfix Compiling Primer
      • C.2.1. Compiler Options
      • C.2.2. Linker Options
    • C.3. Building Postfix
      • C.3.1. Customizing Your Build
      • C.3.2. Modifying Postfix Defaults
    • C.4. Installation
      • C.4.1. Upgrading
    • C.5. Compiling Add-on Packages
      • C.5.1. Cyrus SASL
      • C.5.2. TLS
      • C.5.3. MySQL
      • C.5.4. LDAP
    • C.6. Common Problems
      • C.6.1. Compile Time
      • C.6.2. Runtime
    • C.7. Wrapping Things Up
  • D. Frequently Asked Questions
  • Index
  • About the Author
  • Colophon
  • SPECIAL OFFER: Upgrade this ebook with OReilly

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