Oracle Essentials. Oracle Database 10g. 3rd Edition

Spis treści książki

• Oracle Essentials
  • SPECIAL OFFER: Upgrade this ebook with OReilly
  • Preface
    • Goals of This Book
    • Audience for This Book
    • About the Third Edition (Oracle Database 10g)
    • Structure of This Book
    • Conventions Used in This Book
    • How to Contact Us
    • Acknowledgments
  • 1. Introducing Oracle
    • 1.1. The Evolution of the Relational Database
      • 1.1.1. Relational Basics
      • 1.1.2. How Oracle Grew
    • 1.2. The Oracle Family
      • 1.2.1. Oracle Standard Edition
      • 1.2.2. Oracle Enterprise Edition
      • 1.2.3. Oracle Personal Edition
      • 1.2.4. Oracle Lite
    • 1.3. Summary of Oracle Features
    • 1.4. Database Application Development Features
      • 1.4.1. Database Programming
        • 1.4.1.1. SQL
        • 1.4.1.2. PL/SQL
        • 1.4.1.3. Java features and options
        • 1.4.1.4. Large objects
        • 1.4.1.5. Object-oriented programming
        • 1.4.1.6. Third-generation languages (3GLs)
        • 1.4.1.7. Database drivers
        • 1.4.1.8. The Oracle Call Interface
        • 1.4.1.9. National Language Support
        • 1.4.1.10. Availability
      • 1.4.2. Database Extensibility
        • 1.4.2.1. Oracle Text and interMedia
        • 1.4.2.2. Oracle Spatial Option
        • 1.4.2.3. XML
    • 1.5. Database Connection Features
      • 1.5.1. Database Networking
        • 1.5.1.1. Oracle Net
        • 1.5.1.2. Oracle Names
        • 1.5.1.3. Oracle Internet Directory
        • 1.5.1.4. Oracle Connection Manager
        • 1.5.1.5. Advanced Security Option
        • 1.5.1.6. Label Security Option
        • 1.5.1.7. Availability
      • 1.5.2. Oracle Application Server
        • 1.5.2.1. Availability
    • 1.6. Distributed Database Features
      • 1.6.1. Distributed Queries and Transactions
      • 1.6.2. Heterogeneous Services
      • 1.6.3. Availability
    • 1.7. Data Movement Features
      • 1.7.1. Basic Replication
      • 1.7.2. Advanced Replication
      • 1.7.3. Transportable Tablespaces
      • 1.7.4. Advanced Queuing and Streams
      • 1.7.5. Extraction, Transformation, Loading
      • 1.7.6. Availability
    • 1.8. Performance Features
      • 1.8.1. Database Parallelization
        • 1.8.1.1. Availability
      • 1.8.2. Data Warehousing and Business Intelligence
        • 1.8.2.1. Bitmap indexes
        • 1.8.2.2. Star query optimization
        • 1.8.2.3. Materialized views
        • 1.8.2.4. Analytic functions
        • 1.8.2.5. OLAP Option
        • 1.8.2.6. Data Mining Option
        • 1.8.2.7. Availability
    • 1.9. Database Management Features
      • 1.9.1. Oracle Enterprise Manager
        • 1.9.1.1. EM2Go
      • 1.9.2. Availability
      • 1.9.3. Backup and Recovery
        • 1.9.3.1. Recovery Manager
        • 1.9.3.2. Incremental backup and recovery
        • 1.9.3.3. Oracle Storage Manager and Automated Disk Based Backup and Recovery
        • 1.9.3.4. Availability
      • 1.9.4. Database Availability
        • 1.9.4.1. Partitioning option
        • 1.9.4.2. Data Guard
        • 1.9.4.3. Fail Safe
        • 1.9.4.4. Oracle Real Application Clusters
        • 1.9.4.5. Data Guard and RAC
        • 1.9.4.6. Automated Storage Management
        • 1.9.4.7. Availability
    • 1.10. Oracle Developer Suite
      • 1.10.1. Oracle Forms Developer
        • 1.10.1.1. Oracle Reports Developer
        • 1.10.1.2. Oracle JDeveloper
        • 1.10.1.3. Oracle Designer
        • 1.10.1.4. Oracle Discoverer Administration Edition
        • 1.10.1.5. Oracle Portal
        • 1.10.1.6. Availability
    • 1.11. Oracle Lite
  • 2. Oracle Architecture
    • 2.1. Instances and Databases
    • 2.2. The Components of a Database
      • 2.2.1. Tablespaces
      • 2.2.2. Physical Files in an Oracle Database
      • 2.2.3. Control Files
        • 2.2.3.1. Control file parameters
        • 2.2.3.2. Multiple control files
      • 2.2.4. Datafiles
        • 2.2.4.1. Datafile structure
        • 2.2.4.2. Extents and segments
      • 2.2.5. Redo Log Files
        • 2.2.5.1. Multiplexing redo log files
        • 2.2.5.2. How Oracle uses the redo logs
        • 2.2.5.3. Naming conventions for redo logs
        • 2.2.5.4. Archived redo logs
        • 2.2.5.5. ARCHIVELOG mode and automatic archiving
    • 2.3. The Components of an Instance
      • 2.3.1. Memory Structures for an Instance
        • 2.3.1.1. Database buffer cache
        • 2.3.1.2. Shared pool
        • 2.3.1.3. Redo log buffer
      • 2.3.2. Background Processes for an Instance
    • 2.4. The Data Dictionary
  • 3. Installing and Running Oracle
    • 3.1. Installing Oracle
      • 3.1.1. Optimal Flexible Architecture (OFA)
      • 3.1.2. Supporting Multiple Oracle Versions on a Machine
      • 3.1.3. Upgrading an Oracle Database
    • 3.2. Creating a Database
      • 3.2.1. Planning the Database
      • 3.2.2. The Value of Estimating
      • 3.2.3. Tools for Creating Databases
    • 3.3. Configuring Oracle Net
      • 3.3.1. Resolving Oracle Net Service Names
      • 3.3.2. Oracle Net Manager
      • 3.3.3. Auto-Discovery and Agents
      • 3.3.4. Oracle Net Configuration Files
    • 3.4. Starting Up the Database
    • 3.5. Shutting Down the Database
    • 3.6. Accessing a Database
      • 3.6.1. Server Processes and Clients
        • 3.6.1.1. Server process
        • 3.6.1.2. Client process
      • 3.6.2. Application Servers and Web Servers as Clients
      • 3.6.3. Oracle Net and Establishing Network Connections
      • 3.6.4. The Shared Server/Multi-Threaded Server
      • 3.6.5. Session Memory for Shared Server Processes Versus Dedicated Server Processes
      • 3.6.6. Data Dictionary Information About the Shared Server
    • 3.7. Oracle at Work
      • 3.7.1. Oracle and Transactions
      • 3.7.2. A Transaction, Step by Step
  • 4. Data Structures
    • 4.1. Datatypes
      • 4.1.1. Character Datatypes
      • 4.1.2. Numeric Datatype
      • 4.1.3. Date Datatype
      • 4.1.4. Other Datatypes
      • 4.1.5. Type Conversion
      • 4.1.6. Concatenation and Comparisons
      • 4.1.7. NULLs
    • 4.2. Basic Data Structures
      • 4.2.1. Tables
      • 4.2.2. Views
      • 4.2.3. Indexes
        • 4.2.3.1. B*-tree indexes
        • 4.2.3.2. Reverse key indexes
        • 4.2.3.3. Bitmap indexes
        • 4.2.3.4. Function-based indexes
    • 4.3. Additional Data Structures
      • 4.3.1. Sequences
      • 4.3.2. Synonyms
      • 4.3.3. Clusters
      • 4.3.4. Hash Clusters
    • 4.4. Data Design
    • 4.5. Constraints
    • 4.6. Triggers
    • 4.7. Query Optimization
      • 4.7.1. Rule-Based Optimization
      • 4.7.2. Cost-Based Optimization
        • 4.7.2.1. Statistics
        • 4.7.2.2. Influencing the cost-based optimizer
      • 4.7.3. Choosing a Mode
        • 4.7.3.1. Why choose the cost-based optimizer?
        • 4.7.3.2. Why choose the rule-based optimizer?
      • 4.7.4. Saving the Optimization
    • 4.8. Understanding the Execution Plan
    • 4.9. SQL Tuning Advisor
    • 4.10. Data Dictionary Tables
  • 5. Managing Oracle
    • 5.1. Management and Enterprise Manager
      • 5.1.1. Oracle Enterprise Manager Architecture
      • 5.1.2. Oracle Enterprise Manager Consoles
      • 5.1.3. The HTML Console Interface
      • 5.1.4. EM2Go
    • 5.2. Oracle Database 10g Self-Tuning and Management
    • 5.3. Implementing Security
      • 5.3.1. Usernames, Privileges, Groups, and Roles
      • 5.3.2. Security Privileges
      • 5.3.3. The DBA Role, SYSDBA, and SYSOPER
      • 5.3.4. Auditing Security, Policies, and Policy Violations
      • 5.3.5. View-Based Security
      • 5.3.6. Fine-Grained Access Control
      • 5.3.7. Label Security Option
      • 5.3.8. Security and Application Roles and Privileges
      • 5.3.9. Distributed Database and Multi-Tier Security
      • 5.3.10. Advanced Security Option
    • 5.4. Fragmentation and Reorganization
      • 5.4.1. Resolving Fragmentation
    • 5.5. Backup and Recovery
      • 5.5.1. Types of Backup and Recovery Options
      • 5.5.2. Additional Backup Capabilities
    • 5.6. Working with Oracle Support
      • 5.6.1. Reporting Problems
      • 5.6.2. Automated Patching in Oracle Database 10g
  • 6. Oracle Performance
    • 6.1. Performance Tuning Basics
      • 6.1.1. Defining Performance Problems
      • 6.1.2. Oracle Server Performance
      • 6.1.3. Machine Resource Usage
      • 6.1.4. When All Else Fails
      • 6.1.5. A Final Note on Performance
    • 6.2. Oracle and Disk I/O Resources
      • 6.2.1. I/O Planning Principles for an Oracle Database
      • 6.2.2. Using RAID Disk Array Technology
        • 6.2.2.1. Host-based software
        • 6.2.2.2. Dedicated storage subsystems
        • 6.2.2.3. Combined host-based and I/O subsystem volume management
      • 6.2.3. Flexibility, Manageability, and Disk Arrays
      • 6.2.4. How Oracle I/O and Striped Arrays Interact
    • 6.3. Oracle and Parallelism
      • 6.3.1. Block-Range Parallelism
      • 6.3.2. Parallelism for Tables and Partitions of Tables
      • 6.3.3. What Can Be Parallelized?
      • 6.3.4. Controlling Oracles Parallel Resource Usage
        • 6.3.4.1. Setting the degree of parallelism
        • 6.3.4.2. Intra-operation parallelism
      • 6.3.5. Adaptive Parallelism
      • 6.3.6. Partition-Based Parallelism
        • 6.3.6.1. Parallelism for partitions and subpartitions of a table
        • 6.3.6.2. Fast full index scans for nonpartitioned tables
        • 6.3.6.3. Parallel insert for nonpartitioned and partitioned tables
    • 6.4. Oracle and Memory Resources
      • 6.4.1. How Oracle Uses the System Global Area
        • 6.4.1.1. The database buffer cache
        • 6.4.1.2. The shared pool
        • 6.4.1.3. The redo log buffer
        • 6.4.1.4. Automatic sizing for the SGA
      • 6.4.2. How Oracle Uses the Program Global Area
        • 6.4.2.1. Memory for SQL statements
        • 6.4.2.2. Memory for sorting within the PGA
        • 6.4.2.3. Automatic sizing for the PGA
    • 6.5. Oracle and CPU Resources
    • 6.6. Database Resource Manager
    • 6.7. Monitoring
      • 6.7.1. Dynamic Performance Views
      • 6.7.2. Enterprise Manager
      • 6.7.3. Automatic Workload Repository and Diagnostics
    • 6.8. Real Application Clusters and Performance
  • 7. Multiuser Concurrency
    • 7.1. Basics of Concurrent Access
      • 7.1.1. Transactions
      • 7.1.2. Locks
      • 7.1.3. Concurrency and Contention
      • 7.1.4. Integrity Problems
      • 7.1.5. Serialization
    • 7.2. Oracle and Concurrent User Access
    • 7.3. Oracle's Isolation Levels
    • 7.4. Oracle Concurrency Features
    • 7.5. How Oracle Handles Locking
      • 7.5.1. A Simple Write Operation
      • 7.5.2. A Conflicting Write Operation
      • 7.5.3. A Read Operation
    • 7.6. Concurrent Access and Performance
    • 7.7. Workspaces
  • 8. Oracle and Transaction Processing
    • 8.1. OLTP Basics
      • 8.1.1. What Is a Transaction?
      • 8.1.2. What Does OLTP Mean?
        • 8.1.2.1. General characteristics
        • 8.1.2.2. Online versus batch
      • 8.1.3. OLTP Versus Decision Support
    • 8.2. Oracle's OLTP Heritage
    • 8.3. Architectures for OLTP
      • 8.3.1. Traditional Two-Tier Client/Server
      • 8.3.2. Stored Procedures
      • 8.3.3. Three-Tier Systems
      • 8.3.4. Application Servers and Web Servers
      • 8.3.5. The Grid
    • 8.4. Oracle Features for OLTP
      • 8.4.1. General Concurrency and Performance
      • 8.4.2. Scalability
        • 8.4.2.1. Multi-Threaded Server/shared server
        • 8.4.2.2. Database Resource Manager
      • 8.4.3. Real Application Clusters
    • 8.5. High Availability
    • 8.6. Oracle Advanced Queuing and Streams
      • 8.6.1. Advanced Queuing for System Interfaces
      • 8.6.2. Oracle and Publish-Subscribe Technology
    • 8.7. Object Technologies and Distributed Components
  • 9. Oracle and Data Warehousing
    • 9.1. Business Intelligence Basics
      • 9.1.1. The Evolution of Business Intelligence
      • 9.1.2. A Topology for Business Intelligence
      • 9.1.3. Data Marts
      • 9.1.4. Operational Data Store and Enterprise Warehouse
    • 9.2. Data Warehouse Design
    • 9.3. Query Optimization
      • 9.3.1. Bitmap Indexes
      • 9.3.2. Real Application Clusters
      • 9.3.3. Summary Tables
      • 9.3.4. Materialized Views
    • 9.4. Analytics, OLAP, and Data Mining in the Database
      • 9.4.1. Functions
      • 9.4.2. OLAP and Data Mining Options
      • 9.4.3. Other Capabilities
      • 9.4.4. Database Extensibility and the Data Warehouse
        • 9.4.4.1. interMedia
        • 9.4.4.2. Spatial option
        • 9.4.4.3. XML
    • 9.5. Managing the Data Warehouse
    • 9.6. Other Data Warehouse Software
      • 9.6.1. Extraction, Transformation, and Loading
      • 9.6.2. Reporting and Ad-Hoc Query Tools
      • 9.6.3. OLAP and OLAP Applications Building
      • 9.6.4. Data Mining
      • 9.6.5. Business Intelligence Applications
    • 9.7. The Metadata Challenge
    • 9.8. Best Practices
      • 9.8.1. Common Misconceptions
      • 9.8.2. Effective Strategy
  • 10. Oracle and High Availability
    • 10.1. What Is High Availability?
      • 10.1.1. Measuring and Planning Availability
      • 10.1.2. Causes of Unplanned Downtime
      • 10.1.3. System Availability Versus Component Availability
    • 10.2. System Crashes
      • 10.2.1. What Is Instance Recovery?
      • 10.2.2. Phases of Instance Recovery
        • 10.2.2.1. Rollforward
        • 10.2.2.2. Fast-start fault recovery and bounded recovery time
        • 10.2.2.3. Rollback
        • 10.2.2.4. Deferred rollback
        • 10.2.2.5. Fast-start rollback
    • 10.3. Protecting Against System Crashes
      • 10.3.1. Component Redundancy
        • 10.3.1.1. Disk redundancy
      • 10.3.2. Automatic Storage Management
      • 10.3.3. Simple Hardware Failover
        • 10.3.3.1. Outage duration for hardware failover
        • 10.3.3.2. Failover and operating system platform
      • 10.3.4. Real Application Clusters
        • 10.3.4.1. Real Application Clusters and hardware failover
        • 10.3.4.2. Node failure and Real Application Clusters
        • 10.3.4.3. Parallel Fail Safe / RACGuard
      • 10.3.5. Oracle Transparent Application Failover
        • 10.3.5.1. How TAF works
        • 10.3.5.2. TAF and various Oracle configurations
    • 10.4. Recovering from Disasters
      • 10.4.1. Developing a Backup and Recovery Strategy
      • 10.4.2. Taking Oracle Backups
      • 10.4.3. Using Backups to Recover
      • 10.4.4. Read-Only Tablespaces
      • 10.4.5. Point-in-Time Recovery
      • 10.4.6. Flashback
      • 10.4.7. Recovery Manager
    • 10.5. Complete Site Failure
      • 10.5.1. Oracle Data Guard: Standby Database for Redundancy
        • 10.5.1.1. Logical standby database
        • 10.5.1.2. Oracle Data Guard management
      • 10.5.2. Possible Causes of Lost Data with a Physical Standby Database
        • 10.5.2.1. Copying archived redo logs to a standby site
        • 10.5.2.2. Unarchived redo information and the role of geomirroring
    • 10.6. Data Redundancy Solutions
      • 10.6.1. Data Replication: Synchronous and Asynchronous
      • 10.6.2. Old-Fashioned Data Redundancy
  • 11. Oracle and Hardware Architecture
    • 11.1. System Basics
    • 11.2. Uniprocessor Systems
    • 11.3. Symmetric Multiprocessing Systems
    • 11.4. Clusters
    • 11.5. Massively Parallel Processing Systems
    • 11.6. Non-Uniform Memory Access Systems
    • 11.7. Grid Computing
    • 11.8. Disk Technology
      • 11.8.1. Disk Deployment Strategies
    • 11.9. Which Platform Deployment Solution?
      • 11.9.1. Platform Comparison
      • 11.9.2. Approaches to Choosing Platforms
  • 12. Distributed Databases and Distributed Data
    • 12.1. Accessing Multiple Databases as a Single Entity
      • 12.1.1. Distributed Data Access Across Multiple Oracle Databases
      • 12.1.2. Access to and from Non-Oracle Databases
    • 12.2. Two-Phase Commits
      • 12.2.1. Transaction Processing Monitors
    • 12.3. Moving Data Between Distributed Systems
      • 12.3.1. Advanced Replication
        • 12.3.1.1. Managing advanced replication
      • 12.3.2. Transportable Tablespaces
    • 12.4. Advanced Queuing
      • 12.4.1. Queue Creation and Management
      • 12.4.2. Publish-and-Subscribe Capabilities
    • 12.5. Oracle Streams
      • 12.5.1. Oracle Streams and Grid Computing
  • 13. Extending Oracle Datatypes
    • 13.1. Object-Oriented Development
      • 13.1.1. Object-Relational Features
        • 13.1.1.1. Objects in Oracle
        • 13.1.1.2. Other extensibility features
      • 13.1.2. Java's Role
      • 13.1.3. Enterprise JavaBeans
    • 13.2. Extensibility Features and Options
      • 13.2.1. Oracle Time Series
      • 13.2.2. Oracle interMedia and Oracle Text
      • 13.2.3. Oracle Spatial Option
    • 13.3. Using the Extensibility Framework in Oracle
  • 14. Network Deployment Models
    • 14.1. The Impact of the Internet
    • 14.2. The Oracle Database and the Internet
      • 14.2.1. Oracle HTTP Server
      • 14.2.2. Standards Support
        • 14.2.2.1. Java in the database
          • 14.2.2.1.1. PL/SQL and Java
          • 14.2.2.1.2. JDBC and SQLJ: Java's 3GL interfaces
        • 14.2.2.2. XML
          • 14.2.2.2.1. XML standards
          • 14.2.2.2.2. XML DB
      • 14.2.3. Simplified HTML Applications Development
    • 14.3. Oracle Application Server
      • 14.3.1. Editions
      • 14.3.2. Installation
      • 14.3.3. Components
        • 14.3.3.1. HTTP Server
        • 14.3.3.2. Containers for J2EE (OC4J)
        • 14.3.3.3. TopLink
        • 14.3.3.4. Development tools
        • 14.3.3.5. Development servers
        • 14.3.3.6. Portal
        • 14.3.3.7. Wireless
        • 14.3.3.8. Security
        • 14.3.3.9. Integration
        • 14.3.3.10. Business intelligence
      • 14.3.4. System Services
        • 14.3.4.1. Management
        • 14.3.4.2. Caching
          • 14.3.4.2.1. Web Cache
          • 14.3.4.2.2. Java Object Cache
        • 14.3.4.3. Clustering and load balancing
    • 14.4. Grid Computing
      • 14.4.1. Features for Grid Computing
        • 14.4.1.1. Provisioning
        • 14.4.1.2. Resilience
        • 14.4.1.3. Integration
        • 14.4.1.4. Management
      • 14.4.2. A Final Thought on Grid Computing
  • A. What's New in This Book for Oracle Database10g
    • A.1. Chapter 1, Introducing Oracle
    • A.2. Chapter 2, Oracle Architecture
    • A.3. Chapter 3, Installing and Running Oracle
    • A.4. Chapter 4, Data Structures
    • A.5. Chapter 5, Managing Oracle
    • A.6. Chapter 6, Oracle Performance
    • A.7. Chapter 7, Multiuser Concurrency
    • A.8. Chapter 8, Oracle and Transaction Processing
    • A.9. Chapter 9, Oracle and Data Warehousing
    • A.10. Chapter 10, Oracle and High Availability
    • A.11. Chapter 11, Oracle and Hardware Architecture
    • A.12. Chapter 12, Distributed Databases and Distributed Data
    • A.13. Chapter 13, Extending Oracle Datatypes
    • A.14. Chapter 14, Network Deployment Models
  • B. Additional Resources
    • B.1. Web Sites
    • B.2. Books and Oracle Documentation
      • B.2.1. Chapter 1, Introducing Oracle
      • B.2.2. Chapter 2, Oracle Architecture
      • B.2.3. Chapter 3, Installing and Running Oracle
      • B.2.4. Chapter 4, Data Structures
      • B.2.5. Chapter 5, Managing Oracle
      • B.2.6. Chapter 6, Oracle Performance
      • B.2.7. Chapter 7, Multiuser Concurrency
      • B.2.8. Chapter 8, Oracle and Transaction Processing
      • B.2.9. Chapter 9, Oracle and Data Warehousing
      • B.2.10. Chapter 10, Oracle and High Availability
      • B.2.11. Chapter 11, Oracle and Hardware Architecture
      • B.2.12. Chapter 12, Distributed Databases and Distributed Data
      • B.2.13. Chapter 13, Extending Oracle Datatypes
      • B.2.14. Chapter 14, Network Deployment Models
  • Index
  • About the Authors
  • Colophon
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